"A"어/아 놓다 is used to describe a situation where you do "A" and leave the resulting state as it is. It also emphasizes the action already being completed. So, the sentence "옷을 걸어 놓았다" means that you hung the clothe, and left it hanging. Other examples using this construction are: "문을 열어 놓았다." You've opened the door, and left it open "편지를 남겨 놓았다." You've put a letter there, and left it there. "불을 켜 놓았다." You've turned on the light, and left it on.

They are pretty much the same. 쭉 is a tad bit stronger than 죽, but not meaning-alteringly so.

Yes

일직 일어났다

오늘은 토요일 이에요. 어제는 보통평소보다 늦게 잤는데, 일직찍 일어났어요.*

-You can use 보통 here, but I'd recommend 평소 since you are talking about daily routine.

직장에서 일이 많아졌어요. 일의 방향하고 목적이을 아라알아요. 그러니까, 지금까지보다 스트레스를 안받아요.

하지만 **직장의 생각을 해요. 더 채재미 있는 것을 생각 하고싶은데...

-하지만 왠지 직장 생각이 자꾸 들어요 (But for some reason I keep thinking about work) is more natural. "생각이 들어요" is more appropriate here since you are not actively thinking about your work.

*is there a way of saying i somehow woke up early or that i ended up waking up early?

=> You can say 일어나졌어요 if you want to emphasise it was against your will.

**is there a way of saying "for some reason"?

=> I think 왠지 is the word you are looking for here.

The use of -겠- seems to be one of the hardest thing for a non-native speakers to learn to use. I've asnwered the same question in the past and I'll copy and paste it for you. *** The first one was really hard.. I actually had to ask my Korean teacher to understand why we put '겠' there. I bet most Koreans would never know why either, and honestly speaking I don't really think I completely understood why. But here we go. -겠- usually means future, one's will, guess, or possiblity. And also, according to my Korean teacher, in opposition to -었-, -겠- indicates 'incomplete' or 'unfinished.' In 모르겠는데요, -겠- is used to indicate that the state of 'not knowing' is continuing(unfinished). Yeah, sounds weird, but I guess it's sort of on the same track as 'I'm losing it.' See, 몰랐어요 (모르 -았- 어요) means that the speaker did not know, as in the past, and 모르겠어요 (모르 -겠- 어요) means that the speaker doesn't know and it is continuing..(unfinished) Sounds like hell, agreed. Even as a native speaker I find it difficult to get a grasp. Just.. the terms 모르겠어요 and 알겠어요 are frenquently used terms.. I think you might want to memorize these two. Sorry for that. I know it sucks having to memorize these kinds of occations, but I really don't see a better option. *** That's the answer I gave to a question asking about the very same example "모르겠어요" . Looking at it now, I think it kind of does make sense. Although I never thought of -겠- as explicitly indicating 'unfinished-ness' I guess it could contain such meaning. After all, every meaning of 겠 has something to do with something that has not been done.

It means 'if you find it hard to explain yourself in Korean, use English with it.'

The nuance, I guess? You use -다고 when you're repeating something you said because the listener couldn't or didn't hear you. Thus it can hint that you are annoyed.

1. -기가 you are pointing out is actually -기-가. -기 is a nominalising suffix added to a verb stem in order to creat something like a gerund. -가 is a subject marker(or particle? it's 조사 in Korean. I'm not quite sure what it is in English.) So, 공부하기가 is 공부하-기-가, which means 'studying'(as a subject). 2. 어떻게 how 지내세요 = 지내-세요. 지내(다) kind of means 'to live', but not really. There's no corresponding English word for this. You'd better look up the dictionary for this one. Anyway, in this case, I think it could be translated into 'be doing' as in 'I'm doing fine'. -세요 is a interogative ending in informal, polite honoric term. Thus, 어떻게 지내세요? means 'how are you doing?'