Hi Hanyue Li, These words are close in meaning and are best understood in context, but I will give it a try. Verbinding: a (physical) connection, like two things that are connected. Is also used in the case of a less physical signal like 'de internetverbinding'. It is also used in chemistry when speaking of a chemical bond between elements. Verbintenis: an older/less common word concerning a connection between two people, for instance because of a contract or marriage. Verband: a (not physical) connection, so when the meaning of two things are related, or there is an association or causation (e.g. er is een verband tussen auto's en CO2-uitstoot). Verbond: an agreement between people, for example forming a union, collaborating or deciding that you will share your secrets with each other. Hope this helps!

Hi Hanyue Li, both would be possible! There are a lot of gramatically correct options here. It really depends on the context what would be most appropriate but in general people use them (somewhat) interchangeably.

Hi I wanted to add that when the word reflects directly on the noun, the rules are pretty strict. So: het boek dat.... de boeken die... You cannot use them interchangeably. This is also in the case of referring to items like this: dit/dat boek, die/deze boeken (this/that book, these/those books). But when in English you would say "this/that/those/these one(s)", there is more flexibility. So following your example, all these things would be correct: Dat heeft ze nog niet (e.g. when somebody else holds the item) Dit heeft ze nog niet (e.g. when you hold the item) Die heeft ze nog niet (e.g. when somebody else holds the item) Deze heeft ze nog niet (e.g. when you hold the item) You would expect that the article and the plural matter for which one you should use, but that is not the case!