Education2 I was in the university, I felt that every university doesn’t often have a good environment to study because when I took a class with lecture with a big classroom and a wonderful screen; nevertheless, students didn’t listen to the lecture seriously and even though some students were late in class every time, because I thought that they didn’t have a passion for the subject because they might not be a class which they wanted to take or the class was made an environment that being late in class is allow to be such as too big classroom. To put it simply, if a university provides a great opportunity to study, students don’t notice how valuable it is at that time. Moreover, it doesn’t always to get involve promoting learning for students. Even so, Trachtenberg describes that long school day and convincing students that they spend much time in school because this is what their occupation really is(215), he doesn’t show to persuade his point with university model. Trachtenberg indicates that the benefits of school and education in twenty-century school calendar would provide two positive things to teachers(216), and these are a greater sense of pride and helping a new teacher. Trachtenberg gives us the some possibility problems which are the money problem, preconscious mind processes and put away the community and opportunity from family. One of the suggestion that the author explains that additional time can be used to individual instruction, tutoring, and creating challenging assignment and project(217), and I believe that this opinion is really good opinion to be longer school day because when I was junior/high school student, I couldn’t get any optional time to improving my knowledge; hence, I had been to a private tutoring school for more than 4 years while I was student. What’s more, I wouldn’t complain about longer school day or short holidays if my school could provide these opportunities because it was necessary not only me but also other students. In the problems, I agree with the currently schooling calendar which school time and day should be longer because Trachtenberg explains the time is changing year by year, and as long as we can adapt successfully to technology, we are also sure to be able to change from the agrarian calendar to the twenty-century school calendar. Trachtenberg also announces that we should reset the clock; therefore, we need to change the calendar(217).

Education Do you think is education system related to the time that students spend in school? In “Education Is Not a Luxury,” Stephen Joel Trachtenberg explains that schooling which is long process for education is not a luxury(212). A long time ago, in America, there was an agriculture society and many children helped their work while it was in the middle of being harvested that they were not a school. Therefore, although we call “summer vacation”, from the end late in the spring to late in the summer, that we’re still using the ancient agrarian calendar. Even though it was an important term for people at that time because their parents needed to help farm working with their children, Trachtenberg shows that it creates many troubles in American society. I believe that I agree with the author’s opinion, but it doesn’t still weak to show us about his argue that the school time should be longer than now. I disagree with Trachtenberg’s idea that a short school days and years cause the result that this schooling business is a part-time job which means isn’t serious. He describes that the school is wasting time for another business, and their family is supposed to teach them instead of doing in school, but it’s not always to be able to do in every family. My school (junior and high school) had such seminars such as sex and drugs even if the subjects were canceled, and actually, it was really helpful for me because when I spend time in school, my attention is alway tightly focused on studying. However, I feel that if my parents try to teach me, I don’t think I can understand really well because it’s hard to explain persuasively, and it takes a time to understand for me what they are talking about. In addition, this example which he shows us that it doesn’t have a good connection with the argument for schooling time. Trachtenberg acknowledges that the university is good model school and have an atmosphere for education. For example, a university can make a time and effort for promoting an atmosphere of learning, and people can use university after school as community activity or adult education. I don’t agree with the author’s opinion and it seems to be weak to explain the points for university model.

Should public education be free? Sara Goldrick-Rab, the author, argues that every American people think that college such as public education should be free and the government is supposed to take care of low-income students. (1)The supports of money is really small, and actually, it doesn’t work well as financial aid. ・There are two groups in federal student aid: Students can get financial aid to graduate at school The middle-class families can get support, but it’s loan. (2)The government cares about senior citizens a lot instead of education problems because of the bad politics and public policy. (3) The universal public higher education acknowledges that college can available for all people as long as they can help their economy and democracy. ・The financial support for students are just beginning, if it can start, the education quality will become better. →Students can learn well instead of working, it means that it doesn't depend on the ability of students, it is equal for all.

Renaissance Renaissance is restoration movement of classical learning and a rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greek culture from 14C to the middle of 17C. At that time, it was a belief that church was the center of culture in the end of middle age, but people made an attempt to revive Rome and Greek culture because the culture was respect for individuals and freedom of human nature. In other words, Art and culture were focused on the human nature, but when it started missionizing Christianity, everything was developed for religion mission activity. Therefore, Renaissance had a big change of value in medieval Europe, and it was related to the economy. There are some reasons why economic was growing then: First, Italy was wealthy country because Italy had trade with Levant which is North Italy and the eastern Mediterranean. Second, scholars and cultural figures from Byzantine and Islam. Third, ancient Rome was in Italy, so people got involved with ancient Roman culture and these are inspired by antiquities and stone figure. In Italy, Florence was famous for the woolen industry, trading, and finance business.Moreover, at that period, Medici family was influenced by developing in Florence because they built a library, an academy and took care of people such as scholars to try to be formed “Italian-renaissance”. They incorporated the Humanism which tried to express about thinking of in this period because they wanted to accept the beauty of human and, also expressed in art; for example, artistic productions changed to the naked motif art.

Summary In “TV”, Mary Pipher argues that Television has made a new community for many people, especially, young children can’t think reality and fantasy separately and become less knowledge of thinking, reading and writing because of TV. Pipher explains that people are consumed their time by media because they spend a lot of time with Television and not only children do, but also, adults have same problems. Pipher shows that violence of TV carries symbolic meaning murder or rapists and agrees with part of it. Pipher reported that the violence has already changed to another meaning that children suffer damage and felt scared about potential violence and describes with examples that Romeo and Juliet and Shakespeare about the attitude in violent, these can be compared with the tragedy of death and tragic result of a misunderstanding. Piper pointed out that parents can leave TV from children; however, argues that it is tough to do for parents recently, and the “mean world syndrome” can become a deadly cycle for children because the violent television shows them fear even if it's not real. Piher concludes that TV media are creating a new human being instead of a real family such as virtual life.

Why did Gothic builders strive for height and light? Gothic architecture which were a cathedral, a carace or city hall became mainstream in around 12~16 century and it was magnificent, gorgeous and innovated technique of architecture. Although it took from part of Romanesque, we can see different points between two of them. These have features such as a thinner wall than Romanesque architecture, wide windows, and stained glass. As some of my classmates wrote, there are some Gothic styles which are the pointed arch,the flying buttress and the ribbed vault. Then, I believe that all of them are related with the reason that Gothic building could be height and light. The pointed arch were changed from round arch; therefore, building architects were able to build high-ceiling because pointed arch resisted great pressure. Moreover, the flying arch and the ribbed vault also helped to build not only height but also lighter. It was used a barrel vault, then it didn’t bear the pressure of the weigh from ceiling; however, they made a style of rib vault which is crossed and complicated, in other word, reduced the burden of wall. Thank to wonderful new style, it could be divided to the pressure to posts and made inside lighter and heighter. Furthermore, they built a thin wall instead of a thick one and it became possible to put a wide window with stained glass. For instance, we can see great Gothic Cathedral which are Basilique de Saint-Denis or the Chartres Cathedral in France(early pages in chapter 13) . In my opinion, this style is related with economy in that time because we learned about last chapters, after many ethics made a move on to other place, some farmers came to city to work. They might felt stressed because it’s not their hometown and they didn’t know each other at all; thus, they wanted to seek spiritual salvation. As set out above, there are many kinds of beautiful stained glasses in Gothic style. In fact, a lot of these told the story of the Bible because many people didn't read characters, so they showed the story with staind glasses and everyone was able to learn and understand about bible. Some people called it “ A huge bible” which is be a bible by itself. I believe that the cathedral was a hallowed ground to forget all of hard things for the people at that time and thought about “heaven” which should be heighter and lighter.