Unfortunately, trying to find direct equivalence would not be a good idea if the two languages are of the same origin, BUT here are what you would say for all of these situations:
"Do it right now!" - 당장 해! (in casual form) - 지금 하세요! (formal)
"It's right there!" - 저기 있잖아! (in casual form, with a nuance like "it's right there you dummy" - 저기 있어요! (formal)
"I'll do it right away!" - 지금 당장 할게! (casual) - 지금 당장 할게요! (formal)
"There's a train station right beside my work place." - 내가 일하는 곳 바로 옆에 역이 있어 (casual) - 제가 일하는 곳 바로 옆에 역이 있어요 (formal, speaking TO someone), 제가 일하는 곳 바로 옆에 역이 있습니다 (statement)
You might have notice I provided literally no answer of what the word "right" might translate into. Most of the times it's better to just not think about using "right" at all in any sentences. I'm sorry I couldn't provide a better explanation, but I hope I answered your question.