some korean grammar rules, tenses etc.

if you see any mistakes, feel free to correct them.

plural - add 들 to the noun, 달걀 (egg) -> 달걀들 (eggs)

negatives - 안, <strike>비</strike> , double negatives are OK,
싼 = cheap
비싼 <strike>= not cheap</strike> = expensive
안 싼 = not cheap
안 비싼 <strike>= not not cheap</strike> = not expensive<strike>, but not cheap either.</strike>


verb modifiers.
Future Tense - add 겠 before 다
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹겠다 (will eat)
닫다 (to stand) -> 닫겠다 (will stand)


Past Tense is complicated. Look at verb stem (basic verb, after removing 다)
Add the one of the following:

1. If the word now ends in 하, add 였. Note: 하였 often is contracted as 했.
2. elsif, if the preceding vowel of the verb stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, add 았.
3. else, add 었.
4. if the verb stem ends in vowel contract 었 (rule 3) to ㅆ and place under preceding char block

가지다 (to have) -> 가졌다 (had) *
가졌다 is contraction of 가지었다 (rule 3) Also, it's more use in spoken Korean
알다 (to know) -> 알았다 (knew, rule 2)
하다 (to do) -> 하였다 (did, rule 1)
주다 (to give) -> 주었다 (gave, rule 3)
받다 (to take) -> 받았다 (took, rule 2)
찾다 (to find) -> 찾았다 (found, rule 2)
열다 ( to open) -> 열었다 (opened, rule 3)
닫다 (to close) -> 닫았다 (closed, rule 2)
사랑하다 (to love) -> 사랑하였다 (loved, rule 1)
좋아하다 (to like) -> 좋아하였다 (liked, rule 1)
가다 (to go) -> 갔다 (gone/went, rule 4)
서다 (to stand) -> 섰다 (stood, rule 4)
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹었다 (eaten, rule 3)
안다 (to hug) -> 안았다 (hugged, rule 2)
감사하다 (to thank) -> 감사하였다 (thanked, rule 1)

* exceptions to the rule(s).

사랑했다, 좋아했다 and 감사했다 are also spoken Korean


Present Tense.
If verb stem ends in :
vowel: add ㅂ니다, ㅂgoes under preceding char block
consonant: add 습니다

가지다 (to have) -> <strike>가습니다</strike> (am having) 갖습니다
알다 (to know) -> 압니다 (am knowing) *
하다 (to do) -> 합니다 (am doing)
주다 (to give) -> 줍니다 (am giving)
받다 (to take) -> 받습니다 (am taking)
찾다 (to find) -> 찾습니다 (am finding)
열다 ( to open) -> 엽니다 (am opening)
닫다 (to close) -> 닫습니다 (am closing)
사랑하다 (to love) -> 사랑합니다 (am loving)
좋아하다 (to like) -> 좋아합니다 (am liking)
가다 (to go) -> 갑니다 (am going)
서다 (to stand) -> 섭니다 (am standing)
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹습니다 (am eating)
안다 (to hug) -> 안습니다 (am hugging)
감사하다 (to thank) -> <strike>감사하였다</strike> (am thanking)  감사합니다

* exceptions to the rule(s).

Those are incorrect, adding ㅂ니다 is the most polite expression, not present continue expression.
If you want to use present continue tense, add 고 있다
For example,
가지다 (to have) -> 가고 있다 (am having)
알다 (to know) -> 알고 있다 (am knowing) * 
하다 (to do) -> 하고 있다 (am doing) 
주다 (to give) -> 주고 있다 (am giving) 
받다 (to take) -> 받고 있다 (am taking) 
찾다 (to find) -> 찾고 있다 (am finding) 
열다 ( to open) -> 열고 있다 (am opening) 
닫다 (to close) -> 닫고 있다 (am closing) 
사랑하다 (to love) -> 사랑하고 있다 (am loving) 
좋아하다 (to like) -> 좋아하고 있다 (am liking) 
가다 (to go) -> 가고 있다 (am going) 
서다 (to stand) -> 서고 있다 (am standing) 
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹고 있다 (am eating) 
안다 (to hug) -> 안고 있다 (am hugging) 
감사하다 (to thank) -> 감사하고 있다 (am thanking)

Andrew.