more tagalog questions

9. I see a flower. * <strike>Makita ako ng bulaklak.</strike>
(GT) Nakikita ko ang isang bulaklak.
I can’t see you. Hindi ko Makita mo.
Hindi kita makita.

Kita (a pronoun, different form the verb kita) is a little but confusing but it only means that the speaker (singular) is the doer of the action and the person he is talking to (singular) is the receiver.

example:

I (doer)  love you (receiver). ---> Mahal kita

I saw a frog. Nakita ko ang isang palaka.

10. I teach English. Turuan ko Ingles.
Nagtuturo ako ng Ingles.

You might mistake it for tumuturo, but that conjugation is for a different verb, although same root word, turo which means to point.

Turuan literally means to teach, but you need an object for that. 
Turuan kita. I'll teach you.

He taught English for 3 years. Siya nagturo sa Ingles para sa tatlong taon.

Nagturo siya ng Ingles sa loob ng tatlong taon.

Sa means in(a place)
Sa loob ng is used to tell a period of time.
Para is for, but the other meaning. Like for you, for me.

11. I read your letter. Bumasa ko iyong liham.
Binasa ko ang iyong liham.

For past tense,
If the verb starts with a vowel, put the "in" affix before the root word.
Example:
Ayos (Fix)
Inayos ko ito. (I fixed this.)

But if it starts with a consonant, put it after the first letter.

Tapon (throw)
Tinapon ko ito. (I threw this.)


I am reading a book. Bumasa ko ang libro.
Nagbabasa ako ng libro.

You might confuse this with using the "um" for progressive tense, but since basa (read) is a transitive verb and it needs a direct object, you use nag + first syllable + root word.

Luto (cook)
Nagluluto ako ng fries. (I cook fries/ I am cooking fries)
Fries is the direct object.

Nagbabasa ako ng libro. (I read/ am reading what? A book.)

Tina read the book to her mother. Si Tina ay Nagbasa ng libro para sa ina.
Binasa ni Tina ang libro sa ina. --> Tina read the book to her mother.

Si Tina ay Nagbasa ng libro para sa ina. --> This means, Tina read the book for her mother.

12. Mercy is writing a book. Si Mercy ay sumusulat ang libro.
Ay is like the verb is.

Andreas cannot read. Si Andreas maaring hindi bumasa.
Si Andreas ay hindi maaaring magbasa. (Again, you don't use um because you assume that there is a direct object to the verb basa.)

13.Robert speaks German poorly. Si Robert nagsasabi wika German nang masama.
Masama is bad or evil.
Hindi siya masyadong marunong mag - German.


Peter speaks 29 languages fluently. Si Peter ay nagsasalita  ng dalawampu't siyam na wika ng mahusay.

14. I don’t understand. Hindi  ko maintindihan.
I understood what he said. Naintinindihan ko ang sinabi niya.

More Tagalog sentences.

6. kumain ako ng pansit kahapon. Yesterday I ate noodles.
7. uminom ako ng kape araw-araw. I drink coffee everyday.
Umiinom ako ng kape araw araw.
Root Word: Inom
Um+ first letter of root word + root word = Present / Progressive Tense

Example:
Unlad (means to progress)
Um + u +unlad = Umuunlad (progressing)

Arte (Act)
Um + a + arte (acting)

But if the root word starts with a consonant, you place the um after the first letter of the verb.

Example:
Sagot (Respond/Answer)
Sumasagot (Answering)

Tawag (Call)
Tumatawag (Calling)

This tense could mean that the action is happening right now, or it is a general fact, depending on the context.

Umiinom ako ng kape. (I am drinking coffee or I drink coffee)

8. ko sumasayaw sa lahat ng dako. I dance everywhere.

Sumasayaw ako sa lahat ng dako. (But sa lahat ng dako is not commonly used. Probably you can say, Sumasayaw ako kahit saan)

Same rule applies.
 Since the verb starts with a consonant letter, add um after the first letter of the verb.
Sumasayaw

Siya sumasayaw ng tunay mabuti. She dances very well.
Siya ay sumasayaw ng mabuti.

But in spoken Tagalog, we don't normally use that pattern in which the subject comes before the predicate. 

So it is more natural to say Sumasayaw siya ng mabuti.

But again, mabuti is a little awkward to use in this example. Probably mahusay is better.


If you have any questions, feel free to ask. :)