strictly speaking, there is no difference between 别 and 不要 in Mandarin 别 used more in oral Mandarin, 不要 sounds like more formal and used in written Mandarin. for example: 别哭＝不要哭 别去＝不要去

1) The mother is proud of her son. literally translate to 妈妈为她的儿子感到骄傲（or 自豪), but in china we will say "妈妈以她的儿子为荣（or 傲） 2) They are proud of their accomplishments. literally translate to 他们为自己的成就感到骄傲（or 自豪） if you tranlate to 他们以自己的成就为荣（or 傲),the later one is more better. hope that is helpful

both of 对不起 and 抱歉 is used to express you did something wrong and you feel sorry for that. but there is a little difference. They differ in degree but not in kind. i mean when you say 对不起，非常对不起，you do something really wrong, you make a big big mistake. maybe some one will suffer the pain by what you did but when you say 抱歉，you just do something not right.we cannot call thst a mistake or fault, but we also think that is not proper. but no one gonna hurt .such as, you promise to bring something to you friend, but you forgot because you are hurry today. you may say 抱歉，我明天再给你（ i will bring to u tomorrow) however, you can increase the degree by add 很，or 非常，特别 before 抱歉和对不起. 非常对不起>=很对不起>非常抱歉>=很抱歉>=对不起>抱歉 hope that helpful!

this is a good and interesting question first, there is no difference between '跟' and "和",when they use to express the meaning of "and" "和"pronounced as he(rising tone) in chinese in Mainland China but in Taiwa, some people will pronounced "和" as han(fourth tone ),especially young girls hope that helpful!

literally translate to "他仍然（旧）活在过去'"他依然（旧）活在过去',means he can't forget something or someone in the past. and he want the past back, he would rather live in the past than now. but i think if you translate to "他依然沉湎于过去（无法自拔)' is more better hope that helpful!

first , it's rarely use "矫正' in oral Chinese. it sounds kind of formal if you want to express the meaning of "矫正", you can use "纠正"or "改正" so your sentence can be modify as below: 1. 麻烦（请）你帮我纠正我的语法错误。 ２.请问你可以帮我纠正语法错误吗？ 3.请问你可以帮我改正语法错误吗？ 4.麻烦（请）你帮我改正我的语法错误吧。

actually, there is no difference between '当...时候' and ' 当...时". both can express your mean, it's depends on the sentence after it. in chinese, you can't distinguish the tense of the sentense just by part of it, you should read the whole sentence i can explain more to u,refer to below: When you leave, don't forget to lock the door! 当你离开时，别忘记锁门。（当你离开的时候，别忘记锁门） When you left, you forgot to lock the door!当时离开时，你忘记锁门了（当时离开的时候，你忘记锁门了） you can see from above answer, when you leave and when you left, in mandian, both can be translated to' 当你离开时，or 当你离开的时候' hope that helpful! thanks!

besides above answers, when you want to give your compliment to peope who have a good career you can say"事业有成""如雷贯耳""久仰大名'"