Enhancing vehicle efficiency to halt climate change Enhancing vehicle efficiency is another potential solution to halt climate change. Transport is a major contributor of greenhouse gases, currently accounting for 26% of GHG emissions (Chapman et al 2007, p.354). Therefore, Springer et al (2014, p.1) advocate a global effort to increase vehicle efficiency through establishing stringent efficiency standards for vehicles and improving vehicle technologies. While companies cannot always support new efficiency standards due to the probably high costs of technology and facilities, consumer acceptance for efficient vehicles is increasing, which paves the way for long-term efficiency standards (Springer et al 2014, p.14). Additionally, Chapman et al (2007, p.357) note that although costly investment in efficient technologies is required for wider deployment, transitioning to fuel-efficient vehicles will achieve sustainability benefits in the long term.

climate change adaptation strategry There are adaptation strategies planned in cities in response to climate change. Climate adaptation refers to adjusting to climate change by moderating potential damage (Walsh et al 2010, p. 77). Building coastal defences beforehand to protect coastal areas and stop erosion can address sea-level rise effectively to certain extent. However, this measure has some negative impacts on the environment. Walls and barriers built on the coast would damage marine biodiversity and beach ecosystems, interrupt natural movement of sand and disturb sediment balance, resulting in erosion in other areas (Enriquez-de-Salamanca et al 2017, p. 92). Furthermore, it also leads to loss of beach areas, encouraging further development (Enriquez-de-Salamanca et al 2017, p. 92).

a description of a website The Nike website does not have a direct link to environment from the homepage. However, there are ordinal internal links to an exclusive page of environment, which focuses on several detailed aspect, including waste, energy, water, chemistry and sustainable materials. Additionally, minimizing environmental impact is mentioned in their full sustainable business report.