climate change adaptation strategry There are adaptation strategies planned in cities in response to climate change. Climate adaptation refers to adjusting to climate change by moderating potential damage (Walsh et al 2010, p. 77). Building coastal defences beforehand to protect coastal areas and stop erosion can address sea-level rise effectively to certain extent. However, this measure has some negative impacts on the environment. Walls and barriers built on the coast would damage marine biodiversity and beach ecosystems, interrupt natural movement of sand and disturb sediment balance, resulting in erosion in other areas (Enriquez-de-Salamanca et al 2017, p. 92). Furthermore, it also leads to loss of beach areas, encouraging further development (Enriquez-de-Salamanca et al 2017, p. 92).