This is an interesting sentence, though I think this expression is quite verbal. Reading "一边望着站牌对照", you will find two verbs in the sentence, "望着" and "对照". The meaning of this sentence is "facing the sign and compare it with the map". "一边望着站牌" is already a complete sentence in grammar, but its meaning is not completed. People are confused why do they face the sign? Therefore, we added "对照" at the end to indicate that they faced the sign for comparing the sign with the map. You cannot connect two verbs directly, like "望着对照". It doesn't make sense. Actually, to supplement something at the end of a sentence ungrammarly to complete the meaning is not unusual in Chinese, so sometimes you need to comprehend it in an abstract way.

In my opinion, Chinese radicals are indivisible. It's only for memorization to further divide a radical, and you are not necessary to remember this method. I don't think it makes sense to apart a word in that way.

The two 了 in the sentence indicate the same meaning. Normally when we use 了, we want to express the meaning that we did something (a past tense). In your example, 找到了 means "found the police", 还了钱 means "returned the money".

That's a good question. Mostly I watched English movies added with Chinese subtitles, and I never noticed the reversed situation. I can't tell you the movies that fit your requirement, but I would say you can find lots of attractive Chinese documentary and most of them have English subtitles. Here are two keywords you can search on youtube, "国宝档案" and “舌尖上的中国”. Additionally, you can follow two state-owned Chinese channels "CCTV4" and "CCTV9 (or CCTV记录)". They may have what you want.

Why not read animes added with Chinese subtitles? It's definitely much better than reading kids book. I would recommend you two websites that I think they may help you. You can search the name to access the websites. The first one is "bilibili," maybe the most popular video website for young people in China. There are diverse categories on this website, and you may find something you are interested in. The second one is "1kkk", a pirate anime-reading website. I think it's worth having a look. Good luck.

大家好！我叫Daria。我想【和你分享】我的学习【生活】。四年前我【从中学毕业】了。现在我是【大学生】。我的专业是电力行业(行业means industry, 专业means major, i dont think you chose a proper word)。我是五年级的学生。我很喜欢大学。大学有图书馆、体育场、游泳池，宿舍。我们的老师们很聪明和严格。我觉得理想的老师【是有知识、高水平的】。我们早上八点上课，晚上五点下课。上课的时候我们问问题，做练习。老师讲得很清楚。我们今年有很多考试，还有毕业论文答辩。