For most people, they are used to hearing their name pronounced wrong, I think it is acceptable to ask them how to correctly pronounce their name. Ideally you apologize for not pronouncing the name correctly and make a conscious effort to do so in the future.

I have heard from other people, the best way to pick up another language quickly is to immerse yourself in an area with that language. Considering that is not always possible, I have been told that watching television shows where they are speaking that language also helps.

This is difficult to answer. Typically you would tell the interviewer things about yourself, college education, achievements in the work place. What you tel them varies with culture and the type of job you are applying for.

Voila is an expression that replaces words such as behold, here is, here are, look.

The first three sentences are correct however, the second set of sentences should be "that reminds me of something I have heard before./ that reminds me of something I have seen before." Your version of "saw", while past tense, is not proper grammar.

No, I believe your conjugation of unemployment is wrong. If you chose to use the first part of your sentence I would then use the term unemployed and remove his. Making your sentence read "his lack of perseverance renders him unemployed."

Yes, all the expressions have the same meaning. The most commonly used expression would probably be #2.

Yes, this sentence is correct.