it is argued that nations should focus their investments on railways rather than incentivating incentivizing traditional “on wheel” "over-the-road" transport. As the urban mobility is disruptively changing a clear reflection is mandatory . Government decisions on regarding transport will have a consistent importance will remain important because of the impacts on our cities and on the environment. In my opinion, the debate should focus on two main topics: firstly the economic aspects (or just "the economics") of the infrastructures and secondly his its environmental impacts. For the governments, the aim is to consent enable  a rapid transport of citizens and goods, while respecting financial the public budget, and maximizing citizen wealth, and respecting nature. Are railways the best solution? The latest scientific and economic studies largely demonstrate strongly suggest that railway is the cheapest and ecofriendliest most eco-friendly choice. Nevertheless, it is a fast and flexible solution.  Investing in roads would incentivize travel by car and ,consequently, the use of fossil fuels . Secondly governments should also consider the costs of the infrastructures. It is a complex topic as the investments depend on the specific features of territories, but it is certainly sure that a greener investment has much more positive long term effects. It could be argued One could argue that, without a large system of roads, a nation could not sustain an a high level of industrialisation due to a slow endurance of transport slow transport times . This is certainly true, but as a matter of fact in a few decades 80% of population will live in large cities. In this evolutive context these quickly evolving circumstances, it becomes more important that a widespread and highly technological system of railways connecting connect our cities.