Trouble

I have a trouble. problem.
It is I'm short in spite of being seventeen years old.
I'm 164 centimetres centimeters tall.
Almost all the of my friends are taller then than me.
I especially felt "I'm short " I felt especially short when I was studying abroad in Australia.
Everyone is was (this should be "was" because you're talking about something that happened in the past) so tall. (I thought people were pretty tall in Australia too ...)
I must be thought short by everyone Everyone must think I'm short.

Well done!

Trouble

I have a problem.
It is that I'm short in spite of being seventeen years old.
I'm 164 centimetres tall.
Almost all my friends are taller then me.
I especially felt like "I'm short " when I was studying abroad in Australia.
Everyone is so tall.
I must be thought short by everyone.

"trouble" is more like "The bad kid got into trouble."  "Poor people have many troubles."  Its more of a suffering, than a circumstance.  More 苦しむ than 自然状態？

"Everyone must think I'm short" sounds more natural than "I must be thought short by everyone".

People don't care if you're short.  When you get older, you get used to being who you are and realize the physical differences between yourself and others don't matter so much.  I had bad acne when I was young and always thought people noticed it a lot, maybe they did.  But now I still have occasional acne and I realize it really doesn't matter and it doesn't define who I am.

That said, its true that there are some superficial advantages to being tall, people will esteem people who are much taller than others.  So its probably good to be tall even if its not bad to be short.  But people who judge others only on such things aren't really worth knowing anyway.

Hope my comment isn't unwanted.  But anyway, your English is good.