受:

Technically speaking, 受doesn’t work as “was done”. It’s not a passive voice. 受owns exact meaning, which means “receive or suffer”. Let’s see some examples.

- 他在住院期间受到了女朋友无微不至的照顾。He received the best care from his girlfriend when he was in hospital.

- 蝙蝠侠受到了哥谭市长的接见。Batman was received by the mayor of Gotham.

- 师傅请受徒儿一拜。Master, please receive my greatest respect.

  All of these sentence contain 受, which works as receive or suffer. At this moment, I cannot recall any other usage of 受. If you have any examples, I’m willing to learn about it. 

  Hope this helps, dear Irene. : )

Besides, sometimes we will use被in another pattern, “被+done+XXX”. For example,

- 他被人打得好惨。He was miserable after a strike. You will notice that “was done” was completed firstly, and SOMETHING (not specify noun) follows it. It’s different from the original template above. In my opinion, SOMETHING doesn’t modify verb, but modify subject.

- 在战争中，这座城市被炸成废墟。In war, this city became ruin after countless bomb attacks.  In this sentence, 被炸works as “was done”. “成废墟” is SOMETHING follows “was done”. I think “成废墟” modifies the subject, which can be understood as “the city was ruin because of bomb”.

- 一辆汽车高速驶过，她被汽车带起的积水溅了一身。This is a kind of complicated sentence. Firstly, locate key words. “was done” is “被溅”. Between these two words, the modification is “汽车带起的积水”, which means “the water splashed out is because of the car”. At the end of the sentence, “溅了一身” means “the whole body was splashed and got soak”, which modifies the subject (the girl who was splashed). Until now, the meaning has already expressed completely through this complex structure.

Hi Irene. 

被:

From my perspective, 被 means “sth was done”, which typically works as a passive voice. The most common way to use 被 is “被+modification+done”. Take your sentences for example.

- 电话没有被老板回答的。In this sentence, 老板 is a modification to the active (who generates the active), so it’s correct to put 老板 in the middle of 被 and done. I’m curious about why did you add 的 , because it had already expressed a complete meaning.

- 这些句子用英语被写了。In this sentence, 用英语 modifies 写 (which means “was written in English”). In this way, you must put 英语 in the middle of 被 and done, following the original template.

Passive sentences: 被 / 受

- 电话没有被老板回答的。       ——>电话老板没有接。（Passive sentence without 被/叫/让……）
- 这些句子用英语被写了。       ——>这些句子是用英文写的。（是……的 sentence）
- 午夜点种灯被关了。                 ——>午夜一点钟灯关了。（Passive sentence without 被/叫/让……）
- 钢琴从来不被孩子们玩了。    ——> 钢琴孩子们从来不玩。（Passive sentence without 被/叫/让……）
- 宝宝不被我妹妹照顾。     ——>宝宝不是由我妹妹照顾。
- 蛋糕受这个法国女人带来了。    ——>蛋糕是这个法国女人带来的。（是……的 sentence）

You should know the necessity of using 被，when someone did something to a certain object caused some result,then u can use 被，

e.g 我被车撞伤了。

     “ someone”：车

    “did something”:撞

     “a certain object”:我

       result: 伤

      

Passive sentences: 被 / 受

- 电话没有被老板回答回复的。------------------------------（“回答”更多倾向于面对面的对话，此处用“回复”更为合适）
- 这些句子是用英语被写了的。-------------------------------（句型：“是......的”）
- 午夜点种时分，灯被关了。-----------------------------------（是“钟”不是“种”）
- 钢琴从来不被孩子们从来玩了。---（“钢琴”作为大主语放在前面，后面跟一个完整的句子，“孩子们”是小主语）
- 宝宝不被我妹妹照顾。我妹妹从不照顾宝宝。----------（此处没有必要换成“被”字句，日常运用会比较奇怪）

- 蛋糕受这个法国女人带来了。这个法国女人把蛋糕带来了。----（此处用“把”字句更好）