1) "you certainly lose respect for what that person said" in this text means "you certainly don't value the words of this person anymore/you wouldn't listen to this person again because they don't do as they say". Respect means listen to, value, look up to. 2) "walk your talk" means do as you say, basically not being a hypocrite ;) Used from time to time, only in specific situations.

"there would be very few people who would not want to earn more than the minimum." In other words "there wouldn't be many people who wouldn't want to earn more than the minimum", so to put it simply: there would be many people who would want to earn more than the minimum. "Few people" means "not many people".

yes I don't care - I'm not interested in that, it's unimportant to me I don't mind - I do not oppose It doesn't matter - similar to I don't mind, but used in different context might have more negative meaning

Usage of Present Perfect is relevant when you did something in the past that has some effect on present events or refers to something, the action still continues. So: "This morning I've woken up at 6:50 and I've got up at 7pm," - the fact that you woke up doesn't affect now, does it? It's okay to use Past simple: I woke up at... and got up at... Simple action. I've had a shower, I've eaten a sandwich, I've gone to work, I've done some paperwork, I've chatted with colleagues, I've had lunch at midday then I've drop in on Paula's house, then I've checked my email, I've run some errands." - again, you name some activities that happened during the day and if any of them are relevant to what's going on now, you would use past simple i.e.: I've had a shower, because I was stinky (result - I'm clean now) OR I've gone in to work because I needed some papers (result - I have them now and I'm gonna use them) OR I've already had lunch, I was too hungry to wait for you (result - now I don't feel like eating anymore). "And all this is what I've done so far today." - okay, good use of Present Perfect - you show all you've done and that now you're free to go do other things, you're already home relaxing. So to sum up, if you want to say about something that happened in the past, but didn't affect you now, use Past Simple. But if it's something that was important and influences your actions, use Present Perfect. See if you understand and write how you'd say they are different: I had dinner I've had dinner Good luck :)

Today's lunch

I went out for lunch with my family today. My father wanted to eat Japanase (Japanese) food, but we could(n't) find out a nice restaurant near our house. We found a new restaurant however (but) they had a lot of costomers (customers) at that time. We went to a different restaurant and ate (had) a beef steak. It was not good. My steak was tough but (and) my family's steaks were soft. I think I don't want to go there again...

Generally very simple English, but gramatically more or less correct. :)