First, you are correct. These are all subjects and must therefore be in the nominative case, so D is wrong. Next, we almost never start multiple subjects with "I" (except in a pejorative sense, I've just learned), so C is out. Now, I would actually prefer, like Peachey above, to say "she, you and I," (A), but I found the following on page 63 at http://www.distanceeducationju.in/pdf/B.A.%20Part%201%20Eng.%20B%202008-09-New%20Setup.pdf : "When there are pronouns of different persons, second person [you] should come first, third person [she/he/they] next and first person [I/we] last, unless used in pejorative sense, when the order is reversed." This was the only reference I could find, and I have never heard (or probably used) that rule in my life, but at least it does appear to come from somewhere, so the answer to your question would be (apparently) B. As for that part about the "pejorative sense," I understand it to mean a sentence formed with a negative intent. So if I said, "We are terrible at speaking Spanish" but wanted to use individual pronouns, according to this rule, I should say, "I, she and you are terrible at speaking Spanish" as opposed to "You, she and I are wonderful at speaking Spanish."

The correct answer to your question has nothing to do with tense. "Has fallen" and "have fallen" are both in the same tense (present perfect), but "has" is used with a singular subject and "have" is used with a plural subject. What you are trying to determine is whether "40 centimeters of snow" is a plural or singular construction so that you can use the correct form of the verb with it. I found the following at http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000039.htm : Nouns Expressing Measurement A noun expressing an amount or measurement is normally singular. If the unit of measurement refers to a number of individual items, then it treated as a plural. Examples: Two spoons of sugar is too much for me. (A single measurement) Twelve dollars is less than what I want to sell it for. (A single sum of money) Four-fifths of the country is satisfied with its health insurance. (One part of a whole) Four-fifths of the people are satisfied with their health insurance. (Four-fifths refers to many individuals.) Your question is like the first example: Snow can't be counted; therefore, it is a singular concept and requires a singular form of the verb when being measured, i.e., "Over 40cm of snow HAS fallen." But if instead of snow it was snowflakes, because snowflakes are individual and countable, you would say, "Over 40cm of snowflakes HAVE fallen." Now, that's a fairly nonsensical sentence, because we measure snow, not snowflakes, but I wanted to give you a direct and comparable example. It would be the same answer whether you were measuring sand (singular) or grains of sand (plural), rain (singular) or raindrops (plural), money (singular) or British pounds (plural).

a big deal = a big problem or a major event We use it very often in a negatively phrased way, i.e., "It's not a big deal." Examples: "I'm sorry, Mom. I spilled wine on your sweater." "Don't worry. It's not a big deal. Your Aunt Trudy gave me that sweater for my birthday, and I've never liked it." "I'm so nervous. I have to go to the hospital tomorrow to have my tonsils removed." "Tonsils? Don't worry. Having your tonsils taken out is not a big deal. It's a very common procedure."

First, there is no English word "tooking" at all. The verb form is "taking." Second, the first sentence is better, but I would say, "My hands were shaking as I took them." I can't really explain why on that one. It just sounds better to my ear. "When" is not wrong, and if you said it that way, no one would correct you. But just for the sake of learning, "as" has a better ring to it. ("has a better ring to it" = "sounds better")

It's difficult to answer these kinds of questions because there is no context to them, and they are otherwise very generic and could be written so many different ways. Generally, saying "countries" indicates that it is uncertain where you are going, how long you will be gone, how much money you have available. It's very general. To specifically say "country" would indicate that you have narrowed down your itinerary to only one destination, and now it's a matter of which one it will be. But all of this, again, is without context. The second pairing of sentences doesn't sound quite right either way you say it, unless you were using the words for effect. I may say, "There's something I want to know," and you may answer (for reasons unknown without context), "Oh, what THING is that," stressing the word "thing." But you could also do this with "there are some things" and "what THINGS are those." Context, context, context. If I go to a travel agent and say, "I want to visit Europe," he may ask me, "Which countries would you like to visit?" If I respond, "Well, I'm on a budget (I don't have a lot of money to spend)," he may ask, "Did you have a particular country in mind?" For your second examples, "thing/things" would almost never come into the sentence. We would simply say, "What do you want to know?" The only time I can see specifically stating "things" would be if I were guarded or cautious about the questions that might be asked. For example, I may say to my father, "I have a few questions about our family history," and he may respond, "What do want to know?" He has nothing to hide and will answer whatever questions I ask. However, if a reporter says to Brad Pitt, "I have a few questions about Angelina Jolie," Brad might ask, cautiously, "What kinds of things do you want to know?" This would signify his hesitation to speak too freely and candidly.

"Despite" is one meaning of "although," so they can be used interchangeably when their definitions are the same. For example, "Although I ate breakfast this morning, I felt hungry all day" and "Despite having breakfast this morning, I felt hungry all day" mean EXACTLY the same thing. Notice, though, that you can't just substitute one word for the other; "despite" takes a different syntax/sentence structure than "although." When "although" has the meaning of "but" or "however," then you cannot use it as a replacement for "despite." For example, "He invited me to the party, although (but/however) I don't think I'll be going." Or "I saw the man's face, although (but/however) I don't think I would recognize him."

I would correct your questions to "Which country (countries) will you want to go to?" and "What do you want to know?" or "What kinds of things did you want to know?"

I had never heard this expression before, although it gave me ideas when I read it in your question. I looked it up at http://www.yourdictionary.com/tin-god, which says, "A tin god is a bossy person who receives more respect than he or she should receive. An example of a tin god is a student who pushes everyone else around because the others are afraid of him."