Hello Alina! I hope you are doing well. I can try and help out by explaining it in English.
1. Orthographic words are derived from "orthography" which studies the correct spelling of words and the spaces between the words. It is the connection between sounds and written symbols. So "like" would be spelled l-i-k-e and then focus on each individual sound in the word and how it should be spelled.
2. Phonological words can also be called "connected speech". This is how the sounds of words are connected. For example, we don't always pause. after. every. word. in. a. sentence. When we speak each word flows together in linking sounds. If the word ends in a consonant and is followed by a word starting with a vowel the consonant and vowel join together i.e. "Start it" sounds like "Star/dit/".
3. In teaching and learning English, sometimes symbols are used for letters of the alphabet to show how they are pronounced. If you look up the definition of a word in a dictionary there will be the word spelled out in different symbols which show you how to pronounce it. For example, "cat" spelled out with the symbols looks like, "kæt".
4. Content words are stressed when they are spoken (more emphasis on the word). These are usually: nouns, main verbs, negative auxiliary verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Function or "structure words" are unstressed words that are important for the grammar of the sentence. For example in the sentence, I went to the park, the word "went" has more emphasis/stress on it than the word "to" which is the structured/function word. Structure words are more like bolts holding the main pieces of something together.
I hope this helps and makes more sense. Let me know if you have any questions!
