They are all very similar words and can often be exchanged for one another without too much confusion. However, there are subtle differences, i.e. to apprehend, to arrest, to take into custody and to put in detention are all quite formal and do suggest that it was done by a police officer or similar to another human being, whereas anyone can "capture" or "catch" someone or something else, i.e. I could say that I caught a stray dog or that I captured a spider in my bedroom (although capture can sound mean). However, in that situation, to say that I arrested or apprehended the stray dog might sound overly formal or a bit inappropriate In short, they are all similar, but "catch" and "capture" (and to some extent "apprehend") are much less formal and can be used for other things. Hope that helps! If you need any further explanation, feel free to message me!

One of the great mysteries of our time! Some say that the double negative suggests that they do need education, perhaps ironically. Alternatively it could be as you said, it just fits better rhythmically. However, also worth considering, a double negative doesn't necessarily mean the speaker intends a positive in English. For instance there are American movies where a character will say something like, "There ain't no goddamn way that..." or "I ain't never done such a thing!" and so the double negative serves to reinforce the refusal/denial etc. rather than reverse it, if you see what I mean! I hope that helps!

I would say that in the UK there is very little real difference anymore between saying "supper" or "dinner". I certainly wouldn't notice!

Like fdmaxey said, these are both right. Also, if you wanted to, you could just say "I heard a noise that woke me" or "I heard a noise that woke me up" because "woke" already suggests that you were sleeping. =]