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  • Corrected
    0 voted
    September 9, 2012
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  • Corrected
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    September 9, 2012
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  • Corrected
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    February 11, 2012
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  • Corrected
    0 voted
    February 10, 2012
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  • Answered
    You don't need to speak chinese when you are newly over here because you don't speak it. but then again, if you have learnt to say 'ni3hao3'( hello) and 'xie4xie4'( thank you) it will help to make yourself welcome. You may ‘speak' sign language to people here. Over the days you live here, you will learn to speak chinese bit by bit, and improve quicker and quicker, because you have had the best teacher: the Chinense language environment. By the way, people in Jiaxing speak a very beautiful dialect, which is greatly different from Mandarin, but almost everybody today speak (or at least understand) madarin. So you'll learn both the languages without doubling your effort.
    0 voted
    February 10, 2012
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  • Answered
    预备,就是预先准备的意思。 “预备”和“准备”虽然是同义词,但是在普通话中用法却大不一样。“预备”虽然是动词,但是很少作谓语动词,一般总是作为定语使用,如“预备会议、预备学校、预备党员、(学校的)预备铃(声)”。这种用法中的“预备”不能用“准备”来替换。 似乎唯一可以用作动词的用法是:预备 + 动宾短语(不好的事情)。例如:预备敌人来犯。这种用法中的“预备”是“防备”的意思,一般都用“防备”,因此这种用法也不常见。 “预备”偶尔用作宾语,似乎仅有“做好预备”这一种说法,但是这种说法中的“预备”可以用“准备”来替换,而且后者要常见得多。 “准备”中的“准”是预料的意思,“准备”最初的意思是“预先估计(可能出现的局面)并做好准备”,但是如今只剩下“备”的意思了。(今天的人们一般已经不了解其中“准”的意思了。) “准备”是一个通用词,可以出现于口语、书面语,可以坐谓语动词,它的宾语可以是 ——名词性的:准备饭。 ——不及物动词:准备游泳、上课、准备打仗(目前汉语语法中的一些所谓不及物动词内部实际上包含着一个动词及其宾语,因此不再能够带宾语,如上课、打仗——这些结构究竟应该算作词还是短语,有一些争议)。 ——兼有及物和不及物用法的动词:准备学习、准备锻炼。 ——动宾短语:准备明天去海边。 ——主谓短语:准备罗斯来访。 (宾语不能是主谓宾短语:*准备罗斯访问大连(正确的说法是:为罗斯访问大连做好准备)。 “准备”的使用频率要远远大于“预备”。 “准备”也可以作定语,常见的搭配有:准备运动(在做激烈运动之前预先做的轻微运动,使身体兴奋起来,做好做激烈运动的准备,并防止受伤)。准备工作(做主要工作以前预先做的一些工作,为主要工作的正常开展提供条件。
    0 voted
    February 10, 2012
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  • Answered
    那不是文白异读。文白易读是指某地的语音中有成系统的两套读音,有很强的规律性。有的南方方言中这种字很多。Tianlina所举的几个例子确实是儿化造成的异读现象,是特殊的儿化现象。说它们是儿化造成的有什么根据呢?这个说来话长,简单说两条。1. 这几个异读现象只出现在儿化词中。(这个条件还补充分,但)2. 试着用原来的读音去读这些儿化词,会发现读起来不顺口,发音困难,而用变化后的发音去读,就经济多了。这说明这几个音变现象确实是由儿化引起的,其中包含着语音学中的道理。儿化音是由两个音节混合成的,“儿”不具有单独的音节的地位,这导致了一些相应的语音变化。还是稍微具体地分析一下吧。掉色儿,桃核儿。请观察儿化音节中前一字原来的韵母,两个相似的元音紧密相连,不便发音。这也是埋怨念成manyuan的原因。照片儿,两个4声字连在一起,前一个要发生音变,但是这样一来,就打破了后两个字必须紧密相连的优先要求(约束条件是有优先次序的,这被总结为语言学上的一条规律),因此变通了一下,第一个音节不变调,而让第二个音节变调,以便与儿混合。脖颈儿,桑葚儿。bo 中的o 发音时舌根后抬,紧接着发j音不便于语音连贯,因此改变成了同样舌根后抬的g. 桑葚儿中,ng和sh是两个连续的强送气音,需要很多气流,不便于发音,(试着发一下就可以感觉到),因此sh发成了送气较弱的r( 发音部位更靠近,降低送气强度,sh就成了r). 在北方方言中,并不是具备了上述音变条件时都发生音变,因此上列几个是个别的现象。 各种不同的语言和方言中语流音变的程度和数量是不同的,在汉语中,一般来说南方话语流音变强于北方话。北方人不易听懂南方话,除了南方话语音系统比北方话复杂得多这个原因以外,音变现象多也是一个原因。----- 当然,外国人学汉语不必了解这么多语音学上的解释,只要了解现象并加以模仿就行了。
    0 voted
    February 10, 2012
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  • Corrected

    Who play Chinese Chess?

    Jeff's comment is good.

    I was very sleepy and was about to go to rest last night when I was wrting the note, so I did it cursory, though I had intended to write it in detail.

    As was shown in the picture, the black had just move the castle forward. So my question was if he/she had moved the '车 [ju1] '(rook, castle) a file left, preparing to move the 马ma3 (knight) next, what will heppen? [ It seemed to be a good move thereupon the red will be checkmated, but -----I had given the answer with the red arrow---- the red had a quicker move, to move his/her front 马 in front of his/her 炮[pao4] in the same file, this would contrawise checkmate the black.

    I had wrote this note to interest some Chinese learner in Chinese chess, because it carries certain Chinese culture and philosophy.

    By the way, 象棋巫师 [Chinese chess wizard, among many others] is a piece of freee software. If you are inclined to learn and play it, you may find and download it on the internet. You may also find some teaching material fo learn the rules and skills from. And then you may play it offline or, more interesting,online at QQ games(  <a href="http://www.qqtn.com/list/s_183_1.html">http://www.qqtn.com/list/s_183_1.html</a> ,  <a href="http://www.qqgames.com/index.html">http://www.qqgames.com/index.html</a>  QQ games will be automatically affixed if you install the new-edition QQ) or Lianzhong clent program (<a href="http://www.ourgame.com">www.ourgame.com</a>).

    0 voted
    February 10, 2012
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  • Posted
    Who play Chinese Chess? If the black moves the 'che [ju1] '(rook, castle), reparing to move the 马ma3 (knight) next, what will heppen?
    February 9, 2012
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  • Corrected
    0 voted
    February 8, 2012
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