When you pour water or any liquid onto the ground, you may make a puddle at first. The puddle soon sinks into the soil. That is the image that the idiom evokes. "Take a moment to understand that," or to think about the ramifications of that.

The sentences using "being" are understandable, but do not sound natural to the American ear. The use of "being" sounds stilted. Better would be, "Since it's raining, I'd take an umbrella." If it is raining (present progressive tense), of course it must be today. Although you could add "today" for emphasis, it is obviously "today." So you could leave out 'today." You could also say, "Because it's raining, . . .." "I like the building's red color." "I like the crimson [or whatever] color of the building." One might say, "It being July, it's very hot." But more common is, "It's very hot, because it is[, after all,] July." Of the first two sentences in your request, the first is better than the second, because it states who is doing the considering, whereas the second is an "impersonal" construction--that is, it doesn't say who is doing the evaluating. One might also say, "In view of [or, In light of] his performance, we believe [or think] . . .." 加油

You may say," I will research information the internet." You may also say, "I will search for information on the internet." My guess is that you may want to use the former in an academic setting. Both sentences make sense.

In this economic model, working hard is inevitable; otherwise, people would be plunged into starvation.

Any of the three would be okay. It's also called Pearson's correlation coefficient or the Pearson correlation coefficent, and there are other names. 祝 你 好运气

Fernando, In the first sentence, the second direct object, “submenu” is a countable noun that represents no specific thing, so it needs an indefinite article (a or an). Because it is modified essentially by the adjective “other,” which begins with a vowel sound, it needs the indefinite article “an,” and the “an” is supplied within the word “another.” The bare “other” supplies no “an,” so it is not acceptable. The big difference between the two sentences is that in the first, there is no indefinite article prior to the one that “submenu” requires, but in the second, there is. In the second sentence, “another” will fit in nicely before “situation, but it’s not the only option. A discussion of what I am talking about is found in Follett, Wilson, et al. Modern American Usage: a Guide. Hill & Wang, 1966., page 353.” There the authors talk about words that are left out of sentences but are nonetheless “understood” to be there. For instance, “We ought to say, an awkward and a stupid man, but we often say an awkward and stupid man” (Follet et al. 353). Such departures from strict adherence to grammar are tolerable, they say, especially when the indefinite article preceding a previous noun is incorrect for the subsequent noun phrase in the sequence. So for the second sentence, rather than prescribing that “another” must be used in order to put an “an” before the second noun, the authors consider it permissible to “ride on the coattails,” as it were [my idiom, not theirs], of the previous indefinite article, even though it is the wrong indefinite article for the second noun phrase, i.e., “other situation” here. I was remiss. As a learner of English as a Second Language, you should use only “another” in both sentences. That way, prescriptive grammarians will accept your efforts. Be aware, however, that effective writers of English do not always comply with every technical rule of grammar when the resultant sentence will not be open to misconstruction by the reader.

Regarding #6 ,in the U.S.A. I was taught in school that if I say "my dad" or "my mom," or use any other adjective to modify the substantive word, mom and dad are not capitalized, but if I use either noun with no modification (i.e., adjective), it should be capitalized. "Dad is the greatest dad in the world." "Mom told me not to yell at your mom."

In the first sentence, "another" is the only correct option. In the second, either word may be used correctly. I personally would say in the second sentence, “If a school closure or other situation is preventing . . .." It sounds more "natural" to me.