Today is very hot in my city. Without wind, hot like as oven! - It is very hot in my city today. There is no wind, and it is as hot as an oven.

Basically, it means he acted sophisticated so he could impress her parents. You might say he pretended to be sophisticated when he is in fact not the least bit sophisticated, but it's possible he really is sophisticated but usually doesn't show it. There are some finer elements to it. "An air of" suggests that the performance was subtle. Think of a perfume wafting through the air. It may have an effect on you before you are even aware that you are aware of the scent. The verb "affected" tells us it is a performance. He is like an actor playing a role, and her parents are the audience.

It's not a well-worded sentence, I suspect. I'm going to guess that they mean something like "I will get the ultrasound machine to come around", talking as if the ultrasound were a person. It's similar to how you might say: "I will have the doctor come around" or "I will have the doctor come round", meaning you will ask the doctor to come to see the patient.

If you use "wait", you'll also need "for. With "await", you won't need the preposition: "I will wait for your reply." "I will await your reply." It's fine to use either. "Await" has a certain poetic flourish to it, so some might find it charming, but others might find it silly over even pompous. (This is in the U.S. The British may feel differently.)

A fascinating question. My "ear" tells me "tall heavy girl". But why? There is an adjective order rule of sorts in English, but, as you note, these are both adjectives of size. I'm going to guess that "tall heavy girl" has balance in its favor - the monosyllabic words are bookending the two-syllable word, so it rolls off the tongue more easily.

My instinct is that, in the U.S., "called" is used much more often than "named", especially when referring to works of art.

1) Use "can" here - once you receive the information, you will be able to ("can") issue the refund. "Could" would be used if it were phrased as a conditional: "If you were to send me the information, I could issue a refund" - receiving the information would make you able to issue the refund. 2) "on our website": the preposition "On' has become the one to use. I don't think there is a British/American divide. It has a certain logic: we look at websites on a screen, and movies and TV broadcasts are already described as being "on the screen". It also parallels the prepositionalphrase "on the internet". You would, of course, say "at our store" if referring to a physical store in the real world. I suppose there are still people who might wish to imagine the internet as a virtual "space" and might want to "humanize" things by making a website sound like a store by saying "at our website". But I think the language has more or less settled on phrasing it as "on our website". One interesting prepositional divide concerns the verb phrase "waiting in line". New Yorkers will say "waiting on line" (to buy tickets, pick up a prescription, shake a celebrity's hand, etc). Everyone else in America says "waiting in line"! This has become a little confusing now that we also have the term "online". 2b) Other ways of phrasing this? "as noted on our website", "as detailed on our website", "as explained on our website" perhaps?

You can't really say "the hotel is inside walking distance" and 'my family is within my home' sounds wrong. So these are cases where 'within' and 'inside' are not synonymous. But in many cases, they can be used interchangeably, though 'within' has a more poetic flavor to it: * "Who knew what horrors lay within the castle walls?" You could just as well say "inside the castle walls" here, but you'd miss out on the alliteration with "who" and "walls" * "Open the box and discover the treasures within." Again, you could use "inside", but the poetic "within" heightens the magic of "treasures"