我听chinesepod

(1) 我（一直）听chinesepod 中文播客
(2) 他（它）好(不错 oral english）。
(3) 我要掌握如何询问要求方向
(4) 因为我初（要去）中国
(5) 五月 在5个月之内（May means 5 月，it is plural so we need to use quantifier after number "个" means 5 months)

(1) wo3 yi 1 zhi 2 ting1 zhong 1 wen 2 bo 1 ke 4
(2) ta1 hao3(bu 2 cuo 4).
(3) wo3 yao4 zhang3wo4 ru2 he2 xun 2 wen 4 yao1qiu2 fang1xiang4
(4) yin1wei4 wo3 chu1yao 4 qu 4 zhong1guo2
(5) wu3 yue4 zai 4 wu 3 ge 4 yue 4 zhi 1 nei 4

(1) been listening to Chinesepod
(2) It's good.
(3) I want to know how to ask for directions.
(4) because I am going to China
(5) in 5 months.

maybe should be translated as Ke1 Na 4 Ke 4 Shen 2 Miao 4 Shi 4 Yi 2 Zuo 4 Yin 4 Du 4 Zhu 4 Ming 2 De Shen 2 Miao 4 According to the history, Kanark temple is a famous temple in Northern India, should be classified 神庙 Shen 2 Miao 4 in Chinese. renowned is similar to distinguished, should be stated as 著名的 Zhu 4 Ming 2 De or You 3 Sheng 2 Wang 4 De. it is adj, should use 的 De.

Actually in China, the second or the third are not traditional ones, though might be correct in gramma. Well referring to your doubts,: 了，已经，过。 They could be used in past tense, but in different context. Eg: I have missed u a lot, you could use 我想你了，it could be explained not only in the past, until this moment I am still missing u. 已经 could be used in the stentence that u wanna state that what u did, sometimes it underlines the verb used in the sentence. eg. I have asked this question on italki 我已经在italki上提问了，过 is smilar to 已经 but more like oral English, not offical one, could be used following the verb. eg: Have u had breakfast? 我吃过了。