Hi I just read your little essay, it is very good, but there was still a lack of it.

First of all,"也"used to represent a side-by-side relationship,for example:我喜欢乡村音乐，也喜欢古典音乐 means "I like country music,and also like classical music."

Like you wrote "除了春天以外，我也喜欢夏天。",this mode of expression is right,but in daily life we are more likely to say"除了春天以外，我还喜欢夏天。"."除了..以外"is more suitable for use with "还/都".(I know this is a little difficult to understand, because it may be translated into English in the same word,BUT I believe u can get it!!:D

除了我的老师之外，其他人都是外国人/中国人。

↑The meaning of this sentence is: except for my teacher, other people are foreigners/Chinese.

(plus:这个句子不用"也"哦，用的话会有点怪怪的。

All of the above are my personal opinions, welcome to ask questions( ´▽` ).