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  • Corrected
    0 voted
    July 8, 2019
    0
  • Corrected
    瑞<s>星</s>幸咖啡能否超越星巴克

    瑞<s>星</s>幸咖啡的<s>厂</s>增长速度真令人惊讶。在营运不到两年内，它的顾客数量已经超过1700万，门店已经超过2000家。该公司成立一年半之后就完成了IPO，<s>它</s>去年已经成为中国第二大咖啡连锁品牌。如此疯狂<s>地</s>的扩张令咖啡连锁店寡头星巴克感到不安。那个新来的搅局者如何发展<s>了</s>得那么快？<s>他</s>它发展的方式能否持续？<s>他</s>能不能超越星巴克，成为中国咖啡店市场的寡头？

    跟传统连锁咖啡店公司星巴克不一样，瑞<s>星</s>幸咖啡属于第四次工业革命的企业。瑞<s>星</s>幸的创始人，钱治亚，经常强调瑞幸是“数据咖啡”。它所有的环节都依靠工业4.0的新技术驱动（比如移动支付，人工智能，运计算，大数据分析等）。从门店选址到产品配送，这些新的技术扮演必不可少的角色。

    瑞幸的目标用户是年轻的白领，因此它基本上会在高档写字楼附近开门店。不过，具体的地点是通过大数据分析决定的。开设真正的门店之前，瑞幸优先开设只提供外卖的厨房点。厨房点经营一<s>顿</s>段时间后，它通过人工智能对<s>积累</s>累积订单数据的分析而选择最密集的区域开设提供座位的咖啡厅。

    门店开设后，很多在传统生意模式中由店长完成的任务也被大数据和人工智能替代。所有订单都汇聚到中心数据网络。瑞星将数据接口直接开放给供应商。这样它的系统能提前预测每家门店对物料的需求，然后自动进货<s>，</s>、补货。除此之外，数据的作用还表面在员工管理上。它能预测每家门店的高峰时段和<s>清闲</s>空闲时段，然后根据这些信息灵活调动门店员和配送员。虽然门店员的平均时薪比星巴克高（瑞幸门店员的时薪约为32元，星巴克约为23元），但是瑞幸不会占用员工的全天时间，而只会占用他们的一部分的时间。如此高效地盘活人员可以降低劳动力成本。

    此外，瑞幸运用大数据算法决定用户所得到的优惠。这样的个性化优惠的目标是提高用户的黏性。有些传统的咖啡厅会给常客一张卡。客户买10杯咖啡，咖啡厅就会免费送一杯。瑞幸的提高用户黏性的方式恰恰相反。活跃用户所获得的优惠不如低频用户。这种越来越普遍的方式被称为“大数据杀熟”。

    想解释瑞幸如何发展那么快，比利用新技术更现已而建的要素是烧钱的能力。对于不少初创企业来讲，烧钱是个很敏感的话题。被采访时，瑞幸的CEO承认该公司已经烧了10个亿钱，还说公司的账上还剩20个亿，而且还没有设定烧钱终止时间。什么时候能盈利还是个未知数。

    烧钱对很多新企业很正常。开设门店，招募人才等都需要钱。而且，通过几轮融资的瑞幸有的是钱烧。可是，问题是它每卖一杯咖啡就亏钱。目前，平均一杯咖啡的售价为9.2元，成本则高达18.7元。星巴克每次卖一杯则挣17.5元的利润。难道瑞幸如此大方是为了扶贫？当然不是<s>。</s>，它是为了占据市场。占据市场后，它就可以开始慢慢地提高售价。

    但是<s>，</s>话说回来，瑞幸不一定要跟星巴克打一场你死我活的战争才能获得更多的用户。国内的咖啡市场并不饱和。目前，中国的人均年度咖啡消费为5-6杯，远远低于日本和韩国的200杯和140杯。此外，速溶咖啡现在占领了咖啡市场的80%。显然，现磨咖啡的市场还有很大的发展的空间。

    瑞幸到底能否取代星巴克，成为中国第一大咖啡连锁店品牌，要看投资者对瑞幸的烧钱行为有没有耐心，而且要看星巴克能不能够灵活<s>，</s>地从传统经营方式转折到大数据模式。
    0 voted
    July 8, 2019
    1
  • Corrected
    0 voted
    July 3, 2019
    0
  • Posted
    Should children be encouraged to watch TV to learn effectively? With the combination of education and technology, learning from TV is deemed to be an effective way to study. Some people hold the idea that children should learn through watching TV both at home and at school. In my opinion, this could bring about a series of problems for children and would not be as effective as it is expected. Watching TV overtime could distract children’s attention when they are studying at school. They will reflect on the contents on TV, find it difficult to focus on the lesson when they attend a class and fail in exams due to distractions. Therefore, even though children can gain some knowledge by watching TV, they miss much more important things— the knowledge and skills which are supposed to be learned at school. Besides, it’s highly possible that children will be attracted by the images or sound on TV instead of knowledge itself. It’s more common for children to watch TV for fun and thus, they may either feel bored when they watch educational programmes or interested in something meaningless. This means that children cannot achieve the goal that parents or teachers set for them, and watching TV could prove to be a waste of time. On the flip side, the TV could more or less have a positive effect on children’s study, but it should only be regarded as an additional tool to assist children in learning, while the study at school should be valued more. Meanwhile, parents and teachers ought to strictly limit time and channels to make sure that children do benefit from it. Overall, television viewing might crowd out children’s energy of study at school or make them merely attracted by images or sound. But if it was utilised reasonably as an auxiliary tool, it still could help children broaden their knowledge out of class.
    July 3, 2019
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  • Posted
    Does ageing population have positive or negative effects on society? With lower birth rates and death rates, plenty of nations are faced with the problem of an ageing population. This issue, in my opinion, generally has adverse impacts on society, although from some perspectives it could be beneficial to society. Older people are not as productive as younger ones, and thus, this trend may cut down the GDP (gross domestic product) within some countries. This is because young people are more capable of some jobs which require a large amount of energy and intelligence, for example, computer engineering, actuarial accounting, and artificial intelligence. As ages grow older, the people who work in such jobs may not be able to either absorb new knowledge or work overtime, and thus, fall behind the times. This means that efficiency and profitability will be lowered. Furthermore, it will endanger the whole economy. On the other hand, the steady increase of senior citizens could impose a burden on the younger generation. They do not only have to earn their livings, but also have to support their parents and even grandparents. When older people find it hard to make ends meet or n​eed care because of illness, younger ones have to spend much time and energy on them. This may bring out a series of younger people, for instance, using up all the savings for curing their parents’ cancer or quitting their jobs to take care of their old parents. When these situations begin to accumulate, it will become a common problem in society that could exist in every family. However, the growth of the older population still could have a positive influence on society. In the long term, with a high demand for health care, the government will take action to improve the quality of medical services. In conclusion, the rise of older people may reduce economic growth and affect the life quality of the younger generation, while it possibly promotes the reform of the medical system.
    July 2, 2019
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  • Posted
    Factors that influence students' choices of schools The chart shows different situations in terms of 6 kinds of motivations for British students to choose a college or university respectively in 1982 and 2002. Students in 2002 thought most highly of suitable courses and degrees, the percentage of which was more than a third, while it decreased by 6 percent from 1982 to 2002. Right behind it was the students who consider the reputation of the institution as an important factor, which soared from 5% to 25% over 20 years. Meanwhile, the percentage of students who valued amenities, social activities, and sports facilities more than tripled from 5% to 18% in 2002, which is the third common reason for choosing a university. Next was the students who were concerned with location. The percentage of those was 16% in 2002 and 19% in 1982 with no remarkable change. In contrast, there was a steep fall in the percentage of students who considered the cost of education from 28% to 5%. At last, admission criteria was the least important factor for choosing a university, the percentage of which was only 2% in 1982 and 3% in 2002. Overall, reputation and amenities became increasingly more important factors for students when deciding on schools in the UK, while costs were given much fewer considerations.
    July 2, 2019
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  • Posted
    Should children obey rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do? It’s not unusual that parents and teachers set all kinds of rules to children, which is deemed to be obstacles to children’s growth, in certain people’s opinion. However, I would argue that obeying rules is an important lesson for children and thus, should be encouraged. Some people hold the idea children are supposed to abide by regulations either at home or at school because children are too young to tell right from wrong. They could easily behave in a wrong way which they may not even notice, for example, playing video games over time, ignoring table manners, or bullying other children. All of these behaviors could cause severe outcomes if they are not stopped in time. Thus, children should always be under parents’ and teachers’ control. Nonetheless, other people complain that children are regulated too much, which may cause a series of problems. On the one hand, it may cause mental issues to these children. They live a life in the shadow of parents and teachers, fearing of failing to meet their requirements. On the other hand, it could stifle these children’s creativity. They will find it difficult to make innovations since what they only know is to take orders. In my view, it is every parent and teacher’s mission to set rules to children, as no children can independently regulate themselves well. Even though there are such concerns that over-control could limit children’s minds, it is still necessary to teach them rules in order to avoid misconduct. The reason for this is apparent by weighting the harm of over-control and lack of control. After all, over-control cannot do severe harm to children since they will at least know how to behave themselves decently, while a lack of control inevitably brings about a large number of problems to children and lead them astray.
    July 1, 2019
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  • Posted
    Is it a good thing for senior management positions to have much higher salaries than other workers? Inequality exists everywhere in society and so does it in the company. There are many people complaining that senior managers have significantly higher salaries which they don’t deserve. However, I’m against this viewpoint and agree that senior managers deserve high salaries only if the institution designs a reasonable mechanism of punishment. First, a high salary is insurance for a company’s underlying risk. Without the motivation of high salaries, it’s hard for senior managers to devote themselves totally to their work. As is known to all, they play a pivotal role in the company’s operation, and thus if they are less willing to work, the company’s operational efficiency and performance will be influenced to a large extent and it will bring about plenty of issues, for example, the lack of risk prevention. Second, a high salary is the incentive of innovation, which could make the company earn more profits. It’s not usual for companies to attract talented employees by offering high salaries in the recruiting process. Thus, there is the same need to compensate managers with high salaries for their administrative ability. They are a group of people who is the soul of the company and make sure that the company keeps making innovations and survive. Therefore, they are worth receiving a bonus. However, it doesn’t mean their high salaries should be taken for granted. A mechanism of punishment is supposed to be applied to them as well. In detail, if they are deemed as unqualified managers, which can be indicated from the performance of the company, their salaries should, therefore, be cut down. In practice, there are many real companies giving a flexible salary to senior managers, which solves out this problem. In conclusion, it doesn’t always work to give senior high salaries for the better performance of the company. However, it’s necessary to pay them above-average salaries for risk prevention and innovation of the company.
    June 28, 2019
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