(To be continued) 4. Expecting an answer or a response A: 지금 저랑 같이 갈래요? Do you want to go with me now? B: 지금요? 지금 바쁜데요... Right now? I'm busy, though... A: 뭐해요? What are you doing? B: 저 집에 쉬고 있는데요 Well, I am resting at home. 5. Showing surprise or exclamation 멋있는데(는데요)! Oh that's cool! 참 맛있는데(는데요)! Wow, this is delicious! How delicious this is!

는데 with an action verb (eat, 먹다 - 먹는데 - 먹었는데 / sleep, 자다 - 자는데 - 잤는데 / study, 공부하다 - 공부하는데 - 공부했는데 / drink, 마시다 - 마시는데 - 마셨는데) -은데 with a regular descriptive verb (be good, 좋다 - 좋은데 - 좋았는데 / be small, 작다 - 작은데 - 작았는데 / be much, 많다 - 많은데 - 많았는데 / be narrow, 좁다 - 좁은데 - 좁았는데) -ㄴ는데 with an irregular descriptive verb (be pretty, 예쁘다 - 예쁜데 - 예뻤는데 / be cold, 춥다 - 추운데 - 추웠는데 / be far, 멀다 - 먼데 - 멀었는데 / be big, 크다 - 큰데 - 컸는데 / be long, 길다 - 긴데 - 길었는데) 1. Contrast : but, however, although 저는 수학을 잘하는데 제 동생은 수학을 잘 못해요. I am good at math, but my sister(brother) is not good at math. 미국은 땅이 넓은데 한국은 땅이 좁아요. The U.S. is big, but Korea is small. 어제는 커피를 마셨는데 오늘은 커피를 안 마셨어요. I drank coffee yesterday, but today I didn’t drink. 어제는 따뜻했는데 오늘은 좀 쌀쌀해요. It was warm yesterday, however it is chilly today. 매일 공부하는데 계속 잊어버려요. Although I study every, I keep forgetting it. 작년에는 비가 많이 왔는데 올해는 비가 거의 안 와요. It rained a lot last year, but it hardly rain this year. 옛날에는 공기가 좋았는데 지금은 아주 안 좋아요. The air was very clean in the past, but it is very bad now. 이 스마트폰은 비싼데 안 좋아요. This smart phone is very expensive, but it is not good. 2. Explaining the background or the situation before making a suggestion, a request, or a question 비가 오는데 어디에 가세요? It is raining, where are you going? 이렇게 늦었는데 아직도 일을 하세요? It is very late, are you still working? 돈도 없는데 이렇게 비싼 가방을 어디에서 샀어요? We don’t have money, where did you get this expensive bag? 오늘 좀 바쁜데 내일 만날까요? I am a little bit busy today, can we meet tomorrow? 오늘 날씨가 안 좋은데 내일 떠나는 게 어때요? The weather is not good today, how about we leave tomorrow? 3. Explaining the situation before explaining what happened 어제 자고 있었는데 한국에서 전화가 왔어요. I was sleeping yesterday, then I got a phone call from Korea. 오늘 학교에 갔는데 아무도 없었어요 Today I went to school and nobody was there. (To be continued)

When Koreans say “네 = [ Ne ]” slowly, it is pronounced more nasally. It means that it is totally from “데 = [ De ] (But 데 does not exist, not have the meaning and/or 데 is wrong spelling.)”. However, when Koreans say it very fast, they emphasize the “N / ㄴ or Ne” a lot harder, making it sound like “D / ㄷ or De”. They do not even recognize the difference but it can sound like “D” to speakers of other languages and it is especially true for English speakers. Check your tongue positions while you pronounce 네 and 데. They are similar. Try pronouncing “네” while holding the air in your nasal passages. For “데”, push the air out of your mouth instead. Or, you may watch this video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhf9NWKHjqE&t=1s From 1 : 08 to 2 : 54

Source : https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit0/197-2/#03 When ㅢ is found in the first syllable of a word, and the syllable begins with “ㅇ” (making the first sound be “ㅢ), the pronunciation is “ㅢ.” When ㅢ is found in the first syllable of a word, but the syllable begins with a consonant, the pronunciation can be “이.” When ㅢ is found somewhere other than the first syllable of a word, the pronunciation can be “이.” - when it's at the beginning of the word, it's pronounced 의 {ui} - if it's used at the end of the word as a possessive marker, it's usually pronounced as 에 {eh}. However, some Koreans pronounce it 의 {ui} in this case too - If it's the end syllable of a word, it's normally pronounced 이 {long e} As an example, 민주주의의 의의 (democracy's meaning/significance) is pronounced {민주주이에 의이}.

"잘 지냈나?" is a dialect of "잘 지냈니?"

@Kelly Polly "Thank you for coming to the concert" = 콘서트에 와 주셔서 감사합니다

@Lisa I would recommend learning Hangeul (first) by itself, not by romanization *Romanization is the worst habit, terrible, not very accurate* There is really no proper way to romanize Korean, as much as there is no proper way to imitate English sound by writing in Konglish. Avoid it, drop it, skip it, ignore it at all costs. It is a crutch that will be very difficult to get rid of if you keep using it.

+) The ending -ㅂ니다 is a polite and formal form of the copula verb,-(이)다(=to be), and usually used in official documents, news or when meeting someone for the first time. Technically we call it "하십시오체".(합쇼체 is used until 1997 and renamed/changed to "하십시오체") For example, 1) Noun(ending with the final consonant) + 이다 I am Korean = 난 한국인+이다 = 전 한국인 + 입니다. ('인' in "한국인" has the final consonant, 'ㄴ') 2) Noun(ending without the final consonant) + 다 This is coffee = 이것은 커피 + 다 = 이것은 커피 + 입니다 ('피' in "커피" doesn't have the final consonant, it just ends with a vowel, 'l') Here are some other speech styles. I am Korean = 난 한국인 + 이다 = 전 한국인 + 입니다(formal, polite) = 전 한국인 + 이에요(informal, polite, commonly used in spoken) = 전 한국인 + 이야(informal, not polite, between close friends) This is coffee. = 이것은 커피 + 다 = 이것은 커피 + 입니다 = 이것은 커피 + 예요, not 이에요 (because 피 doesn't have the final consonant) = 이것은 커피 + 야, not 이야(because 피 doesn't have the final consonant) 예요 = 이에요 (Same things.) 예요 abbreviated the word "이에요" 이에요 is finished by (final)consonant ㄹ from 물, ㅇ from 방(If there is final consonant, it attaches to "이에요" 물 + 이에요 = 물이에요) 이것은 물이에요 this is water 이것은 가방이에요 this is backpack 예요 is finished by vowel ㅗ from 도, ㅜ from 주(If there is no final consonant, it attaches to "예요" 포도 + 예요 = 포도예요) 이것은 포도예요 this is a grape 이것은 맥주예요 this is a beer 이에요: 이것은 저의 옷이에요 This is my clothes. 그는 희철이에요 He is Heecheol 예요: 그는 민수예요 He is Minsoo 케빈은 제 친구예요 Kevin is my friend The actual pronunciation of 예요 is (more) like "에요". 예요 is used in writing. 니다 sounds a bit more formal 니다 is more formal (polite) used to: ➺ elders ➺ seniors ➺ boss ➺ officers (high formality / high politeness) 요 is (less) formal or polite used to: ➺ strangers (someone you don't know) ➺ olders ➺ seniors ➺ teacher (low formality / high politeness) 이야, 야 is (really, super) informal used to: ➺ same age(friend) ➺ youngers ➺ children (low formality / low politeness)