yeah, -양 is used for calling a female listener's name; usually someone seems younger than you or even a kid. So, I would say it's like 'Miss' and 'madmoiselle'. But if you want to use '-씨' in some formal cases, that's fine. cf. for male listeners, you use '-군'(for younger boys) and '-씨' (same as above).

빌리다 is the basic form, so it can change according to the situation. We don't say; 내가 네 휴대폰 좀 빌리다. => 내가 네 휴대폰 좀 빌려도 되니? 가서 우산을 빌리다. => 가서 우산을 빌려와라. 나는 돈을 빌리다. => 나는 돈을 빌려왔다.

It can mean something else sometimes, but in this context, -고 is like 'and'. Also, it can work with nouns. just as I like A, B, and C. 나는 딸기하고 사과하고 바나나를 좋아해.

oh you mean who can call somebody by their name... um... if you know him well (like since you were kids or students) or you are older than him, some cases you may use their name. For me, I call my friends from university by their name, but when we are in the same age. And you could tell when they call you first.

My foreign friend sometimes read children stories like the Disney collections. Because you already know the stories well, it will be easy to understand. I guess you can just check the bookstore if there is any of them.