Yes, 제가 is more formal and 내가 less formal (but in my opinion, still formal enough for Korean learners in most cases), but... Have you studied enough to notice the subject markers 은/는 and 이/가? And are you aware of 저 and 나? Both are ways to refer to yourself, 저 being the more formal one and 나 being the less formal one. Well if you were to use 저 and 나 with 은/는, you'd have to use the ~는 and you'd get 저는 and 나는. BUT, if you were to use 저 and 나 with 이/가, you'd have to use the ~가, but you wouldn't say 저가 or 나가, for whatever reason these would change to 제가 (저 + ㅣ + 가) and 내가 (나 + ㅣ + 가). Hope that makes sense! Rob... p.s. They don't actually mean "I am", they just mean "I". It'll depend on what type of verb comes after to determine whether the "am" part will be there. For example, both of these subject pronouns could be part of the sentence, "I eat" or "I play".

Basically, when we describe something in English using an adjective, we'd use it together with the verb 'to be', i.e. It IS big. She IS pretty. They ARE smart. Does that make sense? But in Korean, they will NOT use the verb 'to be' together with adjectives in this sense. The adjective itself will be the verb. Some examples... ex #1... to be pretty (in root/base form): 예쁘다 "She is pretty": 그 여자는 예뻐요 (Where '그 여자는' means 'She' as the subject - one of many ways to say 'she' - and 예뻐요 is the conjugated (into a polite, but not super formal) form of 'to be pretty'.) ex #2... to be big 크다 (in root form) "It is big" 그거는 커요 (where '그거는' will refer to 'It' as the subject, and 커요 will be the conjugated - again, in a polite but not super formal manner - form of the descriptive verb 'to be big'. Adjectives in Korean are actually used quite similarly to the way we use adjectives in English, going before a noun to describe it. Hope that helps, but if it raises any more questions, let me know. Rob...

"뭐 해?" (what Mashup answered above) is fine, but if the person is older than you, then you're gonna want to put a 요 on the end...뭐 해요? The second one written there (당신은 무엇을 하고 있습니까?) is, in my opinion, way to literal and formal.

There are two seperate counting systems used for different things (what each is used for should be learned one-by-one, not all at once, as there's way too many cases to remember), but yeah, one of them is... Hana, Dul (dool), set, net, da-sut, yeo-sut, eel-gope, yeo-dulp, ah-hope, yeol (10). This system is generally used to express age, the hour (when speaking about time), as well as counting things. Generally, not always. The other counting system is... eel, ee, sam, sah, oh, yuke, cheel, pal, goo (or koo), sheep (10). This system is used (among other things) for money. Hope that helps! Also, why can't you read Korean? Using phonetics makes learning Korean MUCH more difficult.

Yeah, this would be a response to someone saying "꺼져!". So the conversation would go something like this... A: 꺼져! (Get outta here!) B: 꺼져 줄게! ('~줄게' goes on the end of a conjugated verb and means "I'll do 'it' - whatever 'it' may be - for you. So this response would roughly translate to, "No problem, I'll leave). 잘 살아 literally means 'live well', so in this case might translate to 'take care', so the whole thing might be something along the lines of 'No problem, I'll leave. Take care!' but yes, these people are most likely not very happy with each other and 'B' is acting like or she doesn't really need 'A' in his or her life. Some more examples of '~줄게'... 하다 = to do 해 줄게(요) = I'll do it for you. 기다리다 = to wait 기다려 줄게(요) = I'll wait for you. 사다 = to buy 사 줄게(요) = I'll buy it for you. Hope that helps!