1) To 'write something off' is to dismiss it as 'useless.' An example is that after a car accident, in which the car is ruined, you might say, 'My car is a write-off.' 2) a 'deposition' is sworn testimony someone might use for court, (but this sentence doesn't really make sense to me). 3) 'painfully grating' means 'extremely annoying.' People will often say that someone or something 'grates on their nerves.' 4) To 'legislate away' something means to put laws in place to make something stop. So, this sentence is saying that you cannot make hate or violence disappear by making them illegal.

Either of these: a) I don't know b) I am not sure.

Winking is to close just one eye quickly, often used when someone is flirting or as a signal to someone else that they are teasing or being tricky. It is usually used as a verb (to wink), but I think here it is an adjective. In the US and Canada, 'gay' is almost never used to mean 'cheerful,' anymore. That may be different in other English speaking countries.

I think this probably means the same thing as 'the party is over,' which is an expression we use, more often. It means that something enjoyable has come to an end. It can be used to sincerely, but it is often used 'sarcastically,' meaning that something that was absolutely NOT enjoyable has come to an end.

Hay muchas diferencias entre los dos, pero (en mi opinion, y yo no soy maestra), lo más común es que, usualmente, 'to do' habla más sobre una actividad, y hacer es más usado como 'preparar' or 'crear' algo. I DO the dishes. I DO my homework. I DO the shopping. I MAKE the dinner. I MAKE a sculpture. I MAKE a grocery list.

I’m not sure I understand what you’re trying to say when you say, ‘lit a downward?’ Are you trying to describe the whiskey burning the back of your throat?

Great question! We say things like, 'go ahead' 'no problem' or 'not at all.' Some people say 'yes,' or 'no,' and then nod their head 'yes' or move over slightly, to show that they are willing to make space for the other person. Some people gesture toward the seat. Also, I don't know about other countries, but in Canada, it would be very unusual to refuse someone a seat if it was available.

No. And you don't need 'already,' either.