How this translate to English is both the same. They are both future tense. For simplicity, an I only know simplicity, the structure is different for the same exact statement/thought. What goes after the verb will show you the difference.

[Maglilinis ako. Lilinisin ko.]

[Maglilinis sila. Lilinisin nila.]

In this example for the 'Mag' version, the speaker is not aware what the doer of the action will be cleaning. In the other, there is already a definite idea what is being cleaned.

[Maglilinis ako ng banyo. Lilinisin ko ang banyo.]

[Maglilinis sila ng banyo. Lilinisin nila ang banyo.]

In this example, you'd see that the version works for specific pronouns and linking words. Ako and sila, and Ko and nila, and the linking words Ang and Ng. Using the wrong pronouns or linking words will either distort what you mean, or just plainly wrong grammar.

As native speaker, again for simplicity, the thought that it expresses is the same.

Sinusubukan ko na Matuto ng Tagalog

-  My guess is that you mean 'I like playing basketball.' Even though like is 'gusto,' the statement that you have expresses that you want to play either now or later (after that statement is made). To make your this statement mean the same as 'I like playing basketball,' it's better to use 'Mahilig ako na.' The statement you have right now is translated to 'I 'd like to play basketball' and it does not express your interest. 'Mahilig' expresses the interest, 'gusto' does not. In the next sentence, you can just use the plain 'hilig.'

Ako ay nabibighani sa  ng mga insekto dahil sa tingin ko ang hitsura nila ay talagang cool.

- 'Nabighani' is past tense. If you are still (in love) with insects, double the first syllable of the verb (bighani).

Ako ay mula sa Estados Unidos

Gusto kong matuto ng Tagalog dahil ang aking kasintahan ay Filipino at nais kong ma-usap  makipag-usap sa kanyang pamilya sa kanilang katutubong wika at pumunta sa Pilipinas sa isang araw.

- I don't think the word 'katutubo' is used at all for that kind of statement even though it means 'native.' It can be discarded.

Nasasabik ako na sumali sa komunidad na ito at kumonekta sa sinumang naghahanap ng kasosyo sa pag-aaral ng wika. Gayundin, mangyaring tulungan mo ako sa aking grammar, salamat!

- 'Kasosyo' is used more in business (business partnerts), transactional type. It's better to use 'kapareha' which is more of an overall kind of 'pair.'  

- 'Mo' is correct here grammatically but if you are making a statement for an unknown number of people (not just one), it is better to use 'ninyo.' Mo is for 1 person while 'ninyo' is for unknown number.

Ako si Yvette. Taga Taiwan ako at nakatira ako sa Taoyuan. May tatlong bayan tao sa pamilia ako ko. Ang aking tatay, nanay at ako. Ang guru si Guro ang tatay ko at mabait siya. Ang maybahay si ay ang nanay ako ko. Mahigpit siya pero mabait siya. Nagtatrabaho ako ngayon sa Timog-silangang asian Asya na tindahan ng libro ako. Gusto ko nang naglalakbay. Ikinagagalak kong makilala ka.