Which country do you want to go travel to the most? OR Which county would you like to travel to the most? Or What would be your favourite country to travel to? As some examples, as there are so many more.

Adding the adverb 'some' to the noun 'water' or 'cats' shows a difference in quantity. Most people would think that some is less then not using some. Other adverbs that could be used (to show difference in quantity) would be: lots of, a few, a clouder of, loads of, thousands of, ... I would say they are used more in written English, both sentences. For spoken if someone saw cats in the kitchen they would probably ask a question rather than make a statement of fact. Why do you have so many cats in your kitchen? Watch out for the water on the floor. Watch out you have some water on the floor. But again adding some could come up as many times and as Nathan suggested above they are equally common. Then of course if there is only one cat it would be: There is a cat in the kitchen.

- your name was written there along with many others. Your name was written there, along with many others. - Hopefully, you'll need no more explanations regarding my identity. OK. You could change explanations to explanation. - To explain how did I emerge suddenly from wherever I vanished in. As a reader I do not understand what you are trying to say in this sentence. Are you trying to start to explain how you emerged suddenly? - I will explain how I emerged suddenly, after vanishing from sight. - Aimlessly, I picked it up. As a sentence this is fine but from understanding it needs context which I assume comes from previous sentences. In this case you refer to 'it'. If the sentence before read: I saw a ten pound note on the ground. Then the 'it' would be the ten pound note. If your sentence needs to make sense on its own then you need to replace the 'it' with what it is. - I gathered what I wanted to say. Looks fine from sentence structure but lacks meaning. Most people would not say they gathered what they wanted to say. I formulated what I wanted to say. Would work better.

The scale could be a reference to the amount of drink they are partaking in. So 1 could be 1 drink a day to 10 being 5 bottles or more (lots of drink). Therefore Q1 is that scale reference where as you go down you drink less (or nothing) but as you go up you drink more. It might also be that they are drinking throughout the day, rather than just at night OR it could me they were drinking alone rather than with friends. And Q2 Shows that the high amount of drink they were having, was more than they have ever had before. It may be that they were an alcoholic (seems factual from the passage) and as such that amount of drinking or increased duration or drinking would be considered a new LOW on for them. If we then considered what could be the next stages, then to go lower they could end up on the street drinking all the time and eventually death from intoxication or liver failure. So they knew at that point they needed to stop drinking.

It depends where it is being used. Using me in this way could be acceptable if considered slang or talking to a friend. Comedians also use words in this way to create jokes. But formally it would not be accepted use.

Keep your tenses the same throughout the sentence. It (has) been a really nice conversation, I have enjoyed talking to you (and I) hope we can continue again later?

I didn't realise how fast time was passing, maybe we can continue this meeting(discussion) tomorrow?

There are elements that are correct, but the meaning does not make it through. Something like: Ali keeps his head even with the difficulties of learning English and he continues to improve his skills. might work better, although some more detail of the skills Ali is improving might be needed. His language skills, or other types of skills?