Definitely what I would call "tech speak." :) It is a play on words. AI stands for Artificial Intelligence. Overlords are people with great power and authority. This sentence is actually a header of an article in MIT Technology Review. They are talking about a letter that is addressed to any future AI robot and is written in the way that should affect AI’s future behavior, hence the reason for the header. It is addressed to future robots that may or may not be powerful enough to destroy or wipe out the human race. That is the meaning of the header.

In the best one-syllable English I can come up with, it means: You need huge amounts of moving water to make electricity so that people can use it. I would say: We need to harness the power of moving water to generate electricity for large-scale commercial use. or We need vast amounts of water resources to generate electricity on large-scale for commercial use. Hope this helps.

Hi, This means that the relationship that you are in (or thinking of) has no future because you and your boyfriend/girlfriend (or someone you would like to date) are not compatible in terms of what you like - here they use the example of differences in music and film tastes. Hope this helps!

Hi, Whenever in this context mean the following: At whatever time or on whatever occasion a traveler is in a difficult situation, they will send out the dogs into the snow. Hope this helps!

1. Yes 2. No - 'Please close the faucet' or 'Turn the faucet off'. (In different cultures people use different expressions.) 3. Yes (As above one can also use 'Close the faucet'.)

Hi, "Would never have told him" in this context means that there would be no situation (that the narrator could 'think' of at this particular point in time) where Ser Rodrik would have told Little Finger that she was there. It is even emphasized in the sentence that follows: "Old he might be, but he was stubborn, and loyal to a fault." Hope this helps!

Hi, I am a South African English teacher. I would say in this context unpopular means the following: Towards the end of the Second Boer War, there was considerable opposition against the war itself and the tactics employed by the Britsh forces especially after revelations about the conditions in the concentration camps. It was not that people were not interested in the war. They were against it. Hence, they needed more reporting on the war itself and used artists to draw and depict battle scenes. The artists, however, were few and far in-between as situations on the battlefront​ were often very dangerous. Hope this helps!

No, unfortunately not. You will generally say. The faucet is leaking / The faucet is dripping. The washer inside the faucet normally needs replacing and then you will need to say: The washer is worn out and must be replaced. Hope this helps!