Both are fine, especially in informal dialogue.

This is just a saying. Many years ago, the phrase "all the rage" entered into English or at least American English. It meant that something was very popular. So you might say that a specific band became all the rage meaning that they became very popular.

I have never heard the adjective "bodak", but it may have been a misspelling of the word "Kodak". Kodak made camera film and some small photography cameras for many decades and their brand included their name Kodak on a field/background of a distinctive, yellow that tended toward goldenrod. Cardi B., the hip hop artist changed the word Kodak to Bodak as an artist's prerogative to correspond to the "B" in Cardi B.

Previously mentioned and aforementioned are probably the most correct, but in informal speech, I think many English speakers in the US may say "the topic/item mentioned before".

Mandatory is a synonym of required. That is, their meanings are nearly identical. An example, "The professor made the final exam mandatory for all students." Enforceable is for a rule, law, or regulation that is able to be enforced by a person or entity with power to do so. You could have a law or a rule that is mandatory but not enforceable. For example, a country could have a mandatory rule that at 1pm everyone think of a big yellow bird. Even though mandatory, it would not be enforceable because it would be impossible to know if someone thought of a small, blue fish instead. I hope that makes sense, :-)

This is a difficult passage. I believe you are correct. She is giving in to hopelessness in a quiet way. Not fighting what she believes is fate. Here is a link to a discussion of this: https://books.google.com/books?id=bEQb6TS1oLoC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=terrific+inscription+of+forfeited+hopes&source=bl&ots=RzVY7qyQin&sig=QNTKd9LS45Ecpzs553cB7LQhI4I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcysXyp4TbAhWHMGMKHS6TBjcQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=terrific%20inscription%20of%20forfeited%20hopes&f=false