You'd have to say: "You are a redneck". You can also say: "You're a redneck". And yes essentially it does refer to a particular part of society, not in a friendly way, it's meant to be insulting.

Yes that is exactly what it means. They are saying that they will be putting you back on the right path, or at least ensuring you don't go too far off it.

Usually "for" me would be the more common term used but yes they are both quite correct :)

This is quite right yes :) The second one however is not really unnecessary, I mean the only difference between it and the first one is the word "the".

Both are fully acceptable really :) "an" ocean would merely be referring to a less specific one, in general, an ocean.

Well no. They're not the same really. A backhanded compliment would be you throwing out a "compliment" that has an insult or underlying negative tone attached to it. Sarcasm is very much used as a means to taunt/tease people, generally in a more humorous way, not always but mostly. Often it its very context dependent and a response to a rather obvious thing.

Well, they mean the same thing. The difference is that "persons" is an archaic, old way of speaking, where as people is the more modern, correct terminology. You will find "persons" in more legal matters or law related situations.

You'd like to apply to become a teacher, so that you may teach others, or you wish to gain a teacher and be taught?