Hi, I highly recommend James Heisig's Remembering the Kanji. Actually I just used the free sample download of the book avaliable here- http://kanji.koohii.com/ and that website to learn them.

Hi, I am not a native speaker but I think the reading is 「か」 That word that that kanji is part of is 嚙み締める（かみしめる） That word means: 力を入れて嚙む。くいしばる。 -to bite down (Example: 唇を嚙み締めて）。 It looks like the kanji 嚙 is variant of the kanji 噛　。 Info about the kanji 嚙- http://jigen.net/kanji/22169 Info about the kanji 噛 http://jigen.net/kanji/22107 Hope this helps :)

Hi. If you don't mind English websites...the below are great for explaining grammar. The last site is an online English-Japanese dictionary. http://www.timwerx.net/language/particles.htm http://www.timwerx.net/language/jpverbs/index.htm http://www.guidetojapanese.org/ http://jisho.org/ As for learning kanji...I'm not sure of the best way. The more I see and use them, the more I remember and know.

No. However, "He was drunk that night." and "He got drunk that night." are both grammatically correct sentences though they have two different meanings. I'm not sure what you mean by passive voice...sorry.

Yes. Though I think the last sentence isn't grammatically correct. (You can make it correct by adding "the" or "an" in front of aim...but then it is the same as the first/second sentence so...) The first sentence emphasizes a specific aim of education. It's like saying "What is the purpose of education?" or "What is the reason we have education?". The second sentence asks what is one aim or purpose (out of many) of education. Of the two, the first sentence is more common. I realize the differences between the two sentences is kind of subtle...so I'm sorry if you find this confusing. I hope this helps. ^^