Reasons for Riots

In this essay I want to talk about riots. Have you  experienced any riots?
I remember many riots in my country; one of them involved football fans. I remember once after a football match between two popular teams in Tehran, supporters of both team came onto the streets and argued about their teams for a long time. People who were not satisfied with the result of the match started to do stupid things in public places. Then after a short time, and with police intervention, this violence finished.....
Some Iranian councilors started researching these abnormal events and after these riots, the minister for sports formed a committee to consider all the reasons and collect evidence to find a solution about abnormalities in society. After a long time, it was revealed that because teenagers have no entertainment in their neighborhood and no opportunity to burn off their energy, they react with abnormal behavior. At least they found a solution to tackle this issue without hitting anyone! The government decided to build a lot of gyms and promenades for teenagers and in this way it can decrease parents' concerns and control idiotic events.

Hello Ila, Your question is not particularly clear. Effective for whom and as what? Let me give you three examples to show you what I mean: Firstly, there is a rich body of poetry written in Esperanto, so we could say that, for those who choose to write poetry in it, Esperanto is effective as a vehicle for poetic discourse. Secondly, there is a scientific association called the International Academy of Sciences in San Marino, which requires students to use Esperanto alongside their native language. As the academy has now been in existence for about twenty-five years, we could say that Esperanto is, for those who have studied and who continue to study there, effective as a vehicle for scientific discourse. Finally, there exists in Japan the Oomoto religion, which places great importance on Esperanto as a means of achieving world peace (I think!) and which has been publishing in Esperanto since the 'twenties, so we could also say that, for the followers of this religion, Esperanto is effective as a vehicle for religious/spiritual discourse. All the best, Alvin

Hello Donna, I'm in complete agreement with Rainbow and Romulus, but I wanted to add a quick note about "be" in compound tenses which, I hope, will help you avoid having similar uncertainties in the future. Generally speaking, there are four forms of the verb in English V1 (the base form), V2 (the preterite or past tense form), V3 (the past participle) and Ving (the present participle and gerund). Of these four forms, you can only ever use V3 or Ving after "be" in a compound tense. This means that "what will be happen", i.e. "will be + V1", is ipso facto incorrect. "Be + V3" is used to form passives, while "be + Ving" is used to form continuous/progressive tenses. Hope this helps, Alvin

Hello Valefar, The correct answer is "wasn't" because you and your friend have left the restaurant; that means that the meal is finished, which in turn means that the food is "in the past". To look at it another way, if you were to say, "Isn't the food awful?" it would imply either 1) that the food is "present", in other words, that the food is actually in front of you and you are sitting in the restaurant in the process of eating, or 2) that the food "in general" is awful at that particular restaurant. Hope this helps, Alvin

Dear Biko, I have never heard the phrase "to combinate someone". I suspect it is either a slang term or a technical term. Could you provide some context? Nevertheless, according to Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "combinate" can be used as an adjective meaning "united, joined, betrothed". All the best, Alvin

Hello Essit, It's actually spelt "blancmange" and it's a dessert made with milk and sugar and thickened with gelatine and you have to put it in the fridge for it to set. Alvin

Hello Susu, Alif has two rôles: it can be a letter of prolongation (to make the long "a" after fatHa, written or unwritten) and it can be a bearer for hamza (hamza often, though not always, has to be written above or below alif, above waw or above ya' with no dots). Hamza can be thought of as a letter, even though it is not traditionally included in the alphabet. It is pronounced as a glottal stop. The difficulty with writing hamza lies in the fact, as I mentioned above, it is often written in conjunction with another letter. In fact, in some cases, standard orthography is not settled on this point and you will find, for example مسؤول in some publications and مسئول in others. Hope this helps, Alvin

Hello Klox, One thing to bear in mind when you are using reduced adverb clauses, like "when reading a book", is that, theoretically at any rate, the subject of the main verb and the implied subject of the -ing form must be the same. In other words, if we take a sentence like, "When reading a book, the cat came and sat on my lap," technically you are saying, "When the cat was reading a book, it came and sat on my lap." This is unlikely to be an issue when you are speaking, as very few of us have cats that can read :) However, if you are entering English examinations such as TOEFL, it is something you should be careful about. If you want to know more about this specific aspect of your question, you could try searching Google under "dangling modifiers". Hope this helps, Alvin