It depends on what you want: Flashcards for reading recognition. Writing them, many, many times over, if you want to learn writing.

"Edge of Tomorrow" is not a common phrase. It has a specific reference to the movie (which I have not seen). As far as I understand it means 11:59pm (so literally on the edge (=boarder) of tomorrow, as Olivia suggested. I think you will have to watch the film to fully understand the title.

What you need to remember is that contractions are a combination of two words. Just separate the contraction into 2 words and then you will see if it is correct or not. In this case "I do not have passed my exam" or "I have not passed my exam". The correct version should be clear. I agree with Su.Ki. that the past simple would be the best: "I didn't pass my exam."

The hotel's modern design appeals to a new generation of travelers.

Something "of a personal nature' means something 'private'. In this context the word 'nature' is not about the physical world, it is about the personality of a person (can also be used for animals).

Just remove the word "principal" and the sentence is correct.

Do you have this sweater in size 42? or Do you have it in size 42? (assuming the clerk already knows you are talking about the sweater, or you are holding it up.) "Have you got" may be a familiar way to phrase a question in British English, but it is slang nonetheless.

Yes, it is the same word: Nurse can be man or woman. The slang word for this is "Murse" (do not use when speaking to a male nurse). Some people say "Male Nurse" but also this in not accepted in formal discussion because it implies a normal Nurse is a woman. So just say Nurse.