テレビによると、午後、雨が降るらしい means According to the news, it is expected to rain in the afternoon (This sentence gives off the vibe that "its expected to rain but it's not certain" ) テレビによると、午後、雨が降るようです means According to the news, it is supposed to rain in the afternoon. テレビによると、午後、雨が降るそうです means According to the news, it is supposed to rain in the afternoon (However, this sentence structure is stronger than the previous sentence. Although it translates into the same sentence, it has a higher certainty that it will rain). hope it helped!

こんにちは

わたしはイリナです。
わたしはロシアじんです。
わたしはプログラマーです。

The way Adoemon corrected is right but I'm Japanese and the way you introduced yourself was completely fine. :) がんばってください！

カードはありますか is right. You wouldn't particularly say カードがありますか. But you can say カードがあります. In the 2nd example, これは本です。 means This is A book. これが本です。means This is THE book. が is stronger than は. I know it's kind of confusing but が puts more emphasis on the subject. For instance if you want to say "This cat is cute." You can say　 この猫はかわいい。which means This cat is cute, but all the other cats could be cute as well, not just this particular one. この猫がかわいい。This puts more emphasis on the fact that this particular cat is cute.

人気 means popular. 有名 means famous. :)

I would use サラダに塩と油をちょっと加えてください。because 入れる means put in and 加える means add on.