It means they want you to update your information so the information they have on you is correct. For example, if you move and you update your account with your new address, you're keeping your account current.

It's a play on words. Patient as an adjective means you can wait for something good. Patience is the quality of being patient. If a person is patient, you can say they have patience. "Patience is a virtue" is a common proverb meaning it's good for a person to have patience. When used as a noun, a patient is a sick or injured person in a hospital. Patients are multiple sick/injured people in the hospital. In the title, they are saying it's not good to have a lot of sick and injured people.

It means you're lying, a lot, with no hesitation, and you don't feel bad about it. But it's more common to say somebody is "lying through their teeth."

"I was standing far from the guide" is better. This is past progressive tense.

The letters ё, щ and й look like other Russian letters with accent marks, but they are not. They are different letters of their alphabet. The closest thing they have to accent marks are two letters in their alphabet, ь (мягкий знак, soft sign) and ъ (твёрдый знак, hard sign). They are not pronounced, but they tell you to pronounce the previous letter "soft" or "hard." It's kind of hard to describe in text what that means so I suggest typing words with and without ь and ъ in Google Translate (e.g. семь/съесть, мощность/штат) and listening to the very slight difference. I shamelessly admit, that is how I learned to pronounce these letters.

You can also put emphasis on the word "was" to specify that what he had written was true in the past (at the time he wrote it) but is no longer true.