Hello!
1. This is fine!
2. This is fine!
3. Grammatically, it would be, "Does a bus GO through here" but if you said that to someone, if might sound a bit awkward. Normally, you might ask, "Does the bus take this route?" or "Does the bus drive past here?" But this might just be me.
4. "There was tension between them." You're looking for the noun, not the verb or adjective. If you wanted to use the word "tense" you could say the following:
- They were very tense about the French exam (verb)
- He diffused the tense situation with jokes (adjective)