理解问题/苦衷 /苦心/难处/状况/你/他/她/我自己

你理解这个问题吗？=Do you understand this question?

你理解我的难处吗？= Do you know my bad situation?

你理解我吗？不理解的话，请别责备我。=Do you understand me? If you don't,please do not blame me.

了解问题/苦衷 /苦心/难处/状况/你/他/她/我自己/这个人/情况/处境/事态进展

我了解我自己。请闭嘴！=I konw myself. Please shut up!

我了解这个人。=I know this person.

了解情况后再发言！Speak before know the situation.

"了解”是第一步，然后才是“理解”。=First to konw,then to understand.

我懂了！=I see !/I got it !  懂了吗？= Understand？/ Do you get the picture? 我懂英语。=I can speak English.

她懂如何照顾人。=她懂得如何照顾人。=She konw how to take care of people.

听我说！=Listen to me! 听得清楚吗？=Can you hear me?

看那里！  Look over there! 看得见吗？Can you see that?

The differences between × and ×得 is delicate.Sometimes It's like 她懂如何照顾人。=她懂得如何照顾人。

while in "听我说！=Listen to me! 听得清楚吗？=Can you hear me?",听≠听得。