In December 2010, three men from Mali were prosecuted in the U.S. for conspiracy to commit acts of narcoterrorism and supporting a foreign terrorist organization. This was the first time that a Western court has accused members of al Qaeda and its network of narco-terrorism. The men had agreed to transport cocaine through northern Africa with the intent to support three terrorist organizations: Al Qaeda, AQIM and the FARC. In the trial the men testified that AQIM would have helped the FARC in the transport of cocaine through Africa to arrive in Spain, not only for the money, but because both organizations are committed to the cause of anti-Americanism.

Al Qaeda
Al Qaeda is a terrorist network that has decentralized cells, franchises and employees who carry out criminal activities in the world . In some third world countries the terrorist network is so intrinsic with the public authorities , which , in 2003, the Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone said that the former Liberian president Charles Taylor Alqaeda housed some members who were there for the trade diamond , the same members who tried to buy surface-to- air in Liberia.
There are several groups of organized criminals affiliated with Alqaeda , among the best known AQI emerge in Iraq, the Maghreb AQIM and al Shabaab in Somalia. The latter is also devoted to actions of maritime piracy in the sea horn of africa . All organizations affiliated claiming their actions with ideological and political purposes, or jihad (holy war) . Recently Al Shabaab claimed responsibility for its first terrorist attack outside Somalia, in Kampala. AQI has worked with criminal gangs engaged in kidnapping, extortion and smuggling. Some political analysts describe as Iraq suffers from a considerable violence by the transitional period in which the state controls in key markets such as oil broke down, resulting in smuggling that has contributed to the violence.
In the Maghreb AQIM is enriched with the practices of abduction, trafficking in cocaine and heroin smuggling in West Africa and the Sahara. Mohammad- Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou argues that AQIM is acting in the name of ideological and religious ideals, but in reality it would seem especially interested in obtaining profits for ransom and other activities for profit. According to recent documents, AQIM has had access to some stockpiles of weapons in Libya, this could lead to greater instability in the region.

An international issue
In 1988 the United Nations Convention against drug trafficking recognized the links between drug traffickers and criminal organizations and subversive.
The Vienna Conference on Human Rights in June 1993 declared that " acts , methods and practices of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, as well as the connection in some countries to drug trafficking are activities aimed at the destruction of human rights , fundamental freedoms and democracy , threatening territorial integrity, security of States and destabilizing legitimately constituted governments . The international community should take the necessary steps to enhance cooperation to prevent and combat terrorism ".
In the last decade the U.S. authorities focused primarily on the " nexus " between the neighboring organizations , or related to the network Alqaeda and organized crime. Several reports of the Central Intelligence Agency and the Homeland Security recognize the primacy of the 'Ndrangheta in cocaine trafficking in Europe.
In recent years, the UNDOC has repeatedly pointed out in its reports the exploitation of drug trafficking as a way to finance terrorism. The heroin is now the main source of financing for terrorism in Afghanistan; it takes on a very important economic also for terrorists in Central Asia , the Russian Federation and former Soviet Union , including the Balkans . These terrorist groups for an influence much of the $ 30 billion global market resulting from heroin.

Drug trafficking is used to finance and advance the political and ideological goals of non-state actors, criminal groups and terrorists threatening the rule of law. In 1980, some terrorist organizations in Latin America were dedicated to drug trafficking to finance their activities, including the most famous Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Even Cosa Nostra between the years 80 and 90 has assumed the characteristics of a terrorist organization; Camorra and La Banda della Magliana instead have had contacts and links with terrorist groups, although apparently in the absence of a well-structured and well-established relationship.
Many expert argue that the 1990s was the decade in which the nexus between organized crime and terrorism has been established. According to Mohammad- Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou, this relationship has developed mainly due to four main factors: globalization, advent of the internet, the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the new global war of terror.

Introduction
According to a scientific paradigm of the international community terrorism and transnational organized crime can no longer be studied as two separate phenomenons. Until a decade ago, the two phenomenons were driven by different motivations: the terrorists had political objectives, ideological, religious or ethnic; instead criminal organizations aimed to mainly economic purposes. Terrorism has long been perceived as a form of political violence rather than as a criminal activity. Today, different terrorist organizations are engaged in some form of organized crime and other organized crime groups are engaged in political violence.
The criminal action that most of all connects terrorist groups and organized crime is drug trafficking. In some countries in Latin America and Africa, the two criminal activities blend together. This emerging phenomenon is defined by U.S. law and South American enforcement narcoterrorism, a term coined in 1983 by Fernando Belaunde Terry, former president of Peru, to describe the criminal actions committed by a terrorist group led by Sendere Bright.

Hi guys, could anyone check up my short essay on europe 2020, please?

Many of the proposals contained in the document 'Europe 2020' is a copy of the Lisbon strategy , adopted in March 2000.
During the work on the preparation of the document , the Commission appeared to have once again listened carefully to the needs of large enterprises and has presented a proposal to meet their needs primarily ' .
This is evident from the way in which the strategy has been developed : the promotion of the public consultation in November 2009 until March 2010, when the final proposal has been published. By studying the contents of the dela strategy is easy to understand that perfectly fits the demands made by large private companies .
To edit this document , the Commission has , probably , based on a draft document of the European Roundtable of Industrialists (ERT ), a set of lobby with headquarters in Brussels. The end result is very similar to the "Vision 2025", ERT .
This view is shared by almost all the actors outside of the corporate sector . Over the years, the discontent with the Lisbon Strategy has been a crescendo . Trade unions, NGOs and other civic organizations have submitted proposals, which do not constitute a new vision of society, certainly mark a counter to the Lisbon Strategy and its successor.

The alternatives are:
• The focus should be shifted from a deregulation to regulation in favor of sustainability and social rights.
• A strong regulation on carbon emissions would replace the weak mechanisms in place at the time .
• Resources for education and health should be increased, and no further liberalization should take place.
• The research should not be commercialized , and the universities should not be workshops for businesses.
• Better governance must be obtained from a greater involvement of elected parliaments and citizens in general.
But these agendas are very far from the willingness of firms and the Commission.
Regarding environmental issues , so far Europe had held high the banner of the fight against climate change. Based on this commitment , in 2007, was given three objectives for 2020: a reduction of 20 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions , the revenue of 20 per cent of energy from renewable sources and conservation of
20 percent of energy consumption. Six years later , it is much closer to its goals. In 2012 he
reduced emissions by 18 percent , renewables to meet energy needs have contributed to the 14.4 percent and the goal of saving energy seems close . These data demonstrate that in the fight against climate change has primarily political will, and that the most effective way is to set objectives and deadlines.
Despite this, when deciding for the next fifteen years , the Union waived its right to establish concrete goals on two fronts considered inora priority . The only area in which it has been hoisted a clear goal for 2030 is to emissions of greenhouse gases, which should be reduced by at least 35 per cent compared to 1990 levels . It is a proportion, though far from the 55 percent asking for environmental organizations , and within easy reach when you consider that , without new measures would ensure those applied so far for that given a reduction of 32 percent. Particularly serious is the lack of a plan for renewable energy . The decision will favor nuclear energy, whose expansion will be necessary to reduce emissions.