I would argue in both of those sentences you should use the past tense of 'wants', which is wanted. "If she knew what she wanted" she wouldn't have broken up with me. "If she had known what she wanted" she wouldn't have dumped me, only to get back together with me 6 months later. To use it in the present tense, it would be: "If she knows what she wants" ...she will pick me to be her boyfriend.

Kind of, although I would say the phrase "what the balls is going on here" is a lot more juvenile. I most heard that phrase when I was in high school, and from teenagers. In a professional setting, you might hear someone use the phrase "what the hell is going on here" but you would almost never hear "what the balls is going on here". That would probably get you a few funny looks. Hope that helps.

Depending on what "the garbage" is, I think I would say: Person A: What's tomorrows date? This milk (whatever item) expires December 12th. Person B: Tomorrow is the 12th. Person A: Really? Then I'm going to have to throw this away tomorrow. (Unburnable garbage isn't really a phrase used in English)

I would agree with the first poster, I wouldn't say it's a negative term at all. Some people may be skeptical that when someone says they're "being green" whether they're actually being useful to the environment or not, but that doesn't make it a negative phrase, I wouldn't say. Now there's another phrase "turning green" which means the act of getting seasick or otherwise sick to one's stomach. I would say that has a bad connotation, but that's a different phrase.

I think it varies from country to country, but many of them are the same or similar. Gonna and wanna are just blurred versions of "going to" and "want to" and are better used in spoken English (if at all) than when writing. Ain't is some sort of contraction gone wrong, presumably it came from some devolved form of isn't, and is often frowned upon or not used in most English speaking cities. Otherwise, you may find cultural differences in various regions, for example "y'all" is very common here in the Southern U.S., but you would almost never hear that in the U.K., and more rarely even in the Northern U.S..

If you mean, for example, the film was supposed to start at 11:00 and it will now start at 11:05, you could say: The film has been postponed by 5 minutes. The film has been delayed by 5 minutes. I have pushed back the start time of the film by 5 minutes.

A golden ring can be a bit broader of a term. Golden could be either a color similar to the color of gold - "she had beautiful golden hair" - or it can describe something that is made of gold, such as the golden ring you mention. Saying a "gold ring" just clarifies that it is really a ring made out of gold, eliminating the possibility it is just a ring that is golden in color. Either one is acceptable to use though.

Stealth is to move or operate in a quiet or sneaky fashion, so as to escape the attention of someone. "The teenager slunk stealthily back into his house, so that his parents would not notice he had been out all night partying." "The company wanted to develop their new product with great stealth, so that their competitor would not learn about their ideas." "The international spy was a master of stealth, able to sneak into secure buildings without arousing any suspicion."