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Day 2. Consonants of Korean Alphabet -2 & Vowels of Korean -1
Today, we are gonna talk about the other consonants we didn't learn yesterday and let's learn about how to make syllable by using consonant and vowel in Korean, if possible.
As you know, the left consonants are aspirated one and tensed one.
But, before covering them, I'm really sorry for omitting an element, "ㅎ". ㅎ, 히읗, sounds like /h/ as in "hat". you can easily memorize it because its shape is a circle with a "hat", right?
Okay, from now, we can start learning the aspirated one, such as ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅊ.
ㅋ, 키역 sounds like /k/ or /kh/ as in "knee".
ㅌ, 티읕 sounds like /t/ or /th/ as in "top".
ㅍ, 피읖 sounds like /p/ or /ph/ as in "power".
ㅊ, 치읓, sounds like /ch/ as in "chair".
You can get familiar with these pronunciations soon because each sounds are same with what are pronounced at the beginning of words in English. Or you can also pronounce them like a combination with simple consonant and ㅎ as below.
ㄱ + ㅎ = ㅋ
ㄷ + ㅎ = ㅌ
ㅂ + ㅎ = ㅍ
ㅈ + ㅎ = ㅊ
(There is a exception on ㅅ)
Next is the aspirated one, ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ,ㅉ.
ㄲ, 쌍기역(쌍- stands for 'doubled or twin'), sounds like /(s)k/ as in "sKy".
ㄸ, 쌍디귿, sounds like /(s)t/ as in "sTar".
ㅃ, 쌍비읍, sounds like /(s)p/ as in "sPark".
ㅆ, 쌍지읒, sounds like /s/ as in "Sock", "paSS" like standard S in English.
ㅉ, 쌍지읒, sounds like /ts/ or /tch/ as in "is CHurch there?" (I'm sorry I couldn't find the better one..)
To be honest, you must feel confused to them since those pronunciation might sound same with simple consonants-ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ for you. just remember that you can pronounce them starting with a very short halt as if there is "s" before these consonants.
Let's compare them.
(s) + ㄱ = ㄲ
(s) + ㄷ = ㄸ
(s) + ㅂ = ㅃ
(s) + ㅅ = ㅆ
(s) + ㅈ = ㅉ
Congratulation! You have just finished learning the consonants of Korean. But, you can't make a syllable without vowel. Therefore, we are gonna talk about the vowel of Korean to make a syllable.
There are 21 vowels in Korean
First is ㅏ. ㅏ, 아* sounds like /a/ as in "got".
* Do you remember that ㅇ is sometimes used as a zero consonant to show there is not any sound on an initial sound?
ㅓ, 어 sounds like /uh/ as in "us".
ㅗ, 오 sounds like /oh/ as in "old".
ㅜ, 우 sounds like /uh/ or /oo/ as in "full".
ㅡ, 으 sounds like /euh/. If you have a hard time in pronunciation of this vowel, think about the exclamation when freaked out like this. "Euhhhh, what's that?"
ㅣ, 이 sounds like /i/ as in "be".
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Day 1. Consonants of Korean Alphabet -1
The one of my dreams is to help people learn Korean, especially a marriage immigrant and a foreign worker from Central Asia countries. Even though I can't speak Russian now, it still remains for me as a hope.
Due to that reason, I have decided to give offline lessons of Korean language to the very beginner for free. I'm gonna write down the script to prepare the lessons, as well. I'm really glad for you all to give feedback about my script.
Today we gonna talk about what's the consonants of Korean and how to pronounce them correctly.
The very first consonant we are gonna learn is ㄱ, 기역. You can just write down a line horizontally straight and then vertically.
ㄱ sounds like /g/ or /k/ in English. but today, you don't need to care it and just remember ㄱ sounds /g/ as in "great". Why don't you pronounce it?
Next one is ㄴ, 니은. You can write down a line vertically first, and next horizontally. ㄴ sounds like /n/ as in "night".
Next one is ㄷ, 디귿. You can write down a line from right to left and down and left to right in the end. ㄷ sounds like /d/ as in "dog"
ㄹ, 리을 sounds like /r/ or /l/ depending on where the consonant is located. For your information, you can speak ㄹ as a /r/ sound unless it's ending consonant. But, I bet you don't know what the ending consonant is if you are the very beginner. Therefore, you don't need to understand it right now and it's okay that you know ㄹ sounds /r/ as in "red", at least.
ㅁ, 미음 sounds like /m/ as in "magic". it must be easy word for you to pronounce, I bet.
ㅂ, 비읍 sounds like /b/ or /p/ in English. Like ㄱ or ㄹ, its sound also can be changed by where it is, so, now you just memorize it sounds /b/ as in "boy". By the way, does it seem like a ladder? So, I believe you can memorize it by matching to a ladder.
ㅅ, 시옷 sounds like /s/ as in "sure".
ㅇ, 이응 sounds like zero or /ng/. Now that we consider ㅇ zero consonant, it doesn't have any sound when it is used as an initial sound. On the other hand, it sounds /ng/ as in "song" when it's used as an ending consonant.
ㅈ, 지읒 sounds like /ts/~/dz/, not /j/. I found out that lots of foreigner tend to pronounce ㅈ as /j/, but we pronounce ㅈ by moving one's tongue onto the behind of upper front teeth and aspirating.
Due to the limitation of notebook length, I'm gonna talk about the other consonants, such as, aspirated one and tensed one in next notebook.
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The Vitamin Pill with Bad Smell / How to Deal With Stress / Going out for a Lunch
1. The vitamin pill with bad smell (turn out, it's not like)
Recently I've felt tired, therefore I gave an order to one of the vitamin pills earlier this week. But, It turned out that it smelled really bad due to the ingredient consisting of than I thought. Even though I was going to take a pill but, I almost was likely to vomit. It's not like I would take a pill smells like fart, right? However, I couldn't canceled the purchase, that's because I did unlock the lid. So, you know, there wasn't anything to do except for taking a breath before I have to take the pill.
2. How to deal with stress (trouble, matter, have sth to do with, be thinking of)
Chronic stress seems like a really big trouble for every company workers. Because stress has a lot to do with one's health. That is to say, It'd affect their physical and mental condition. But, If only you deal with the stress properly, it won't matter for them. Now, I'm going to tell you all how to manage the stress properly.
First, Try not to care whatever you have nothing to do with. When you are thinking about focusing the work you have to do by tomorrow, It could make you all frustrated to think about what menu could be better for going out for lunch.
Second, If you feel really frustrated, Just step out for taking a break about 5-10 minutes. It'd work for you well.
3. going out for a lunch
A: I'm thinking of going out for a lunch right now, do you wanna join me?
B: Sure, count me in! But, I'm in the middle of something to do. So could you wait for me a little bit? It won't take more than 5 minutes.
A: Okay, I'll be right outdoors.
B: I'll be there as soon as possible.
A: You don't need to do that. Take your time.
send sth back / cancel the purchase / refund
There is no refund policy in our company. So, you can't cancel the purchase even though you've already sent the product back.
come along
When my coworker asked me to come along with her, I couldn't go out with her now that I felt tired. But, after I've been told that she considered me nice and wanted to invite me to introduce her friend, I think I should've gone with her when I had the chance. It'd seem silly and nerdy but I'll see if she could introduce me to her friend even now.
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modal verb + have pp / see if / by the time / look / it's clear / judging by
1. modal verb + have pp
A month ago, I went Burger King and saw the menu released recently. And the clerk said to me that they was giving the buy 1 get 1 free event for promoting new menu. So, I could've purchased it right away, but I wanted to get some other menu. Therefore I bought the other. But, by the time I got back home, my mother had already bought the same menu with me. I should've bought it when I had the chance.
One of my friends' computer hasn't worked since 1 week ago. I don't know why it doesn't work but I'm guessing it must've been affected by the virus. Either that, it might've had some problem caused by ransomwares. Either way, it could not've been because it has a problem on the hard drive. So, I'm going to see if what the problem is on his computer. It's because it was clear that he must've been frustrated.
2. see if
I'm sorry to call you but could you see if where the items I ordered is now? I haven't gotten them since 2 weeks ago. / I'd like to apologize your inconvenience. I'll check it as soon as possible.
Project Manager is supposed to see if how the project has proceeded.
3. by the time
By the time I got on a bus, I noticed that I hadn't zipped my pant up.
By the time My cellphone doesn't work well, the new version of the phone will be released.
By the time I got to the destination, it was about 10 p.m.
4. look / it's clear / judging by
On my way here, I saw a woman taking a break in the Cafe. And she is really beautiful like an angel! The best thing I've ever seen is her lovely voice. I couldn't be sure, but judging by the topic she talked with her friend and everything, she doesn't have her own boyfriend, I think.
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What's the difference between 'look like S V' and look (that) S V'?
As far as I know, It should be used in different styles like this:
1) He looks tired. <look + adj>
2) He looks like a pickpocketer. <look like + n>
3) He looks that he has gotten so stressed. <look that S V>
But, I was told it's okay to use 'look like S V', that's why I feel really confused.
I appreciate your help in advance.
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had just pp, just as I was about to / time / home / diet / for -ing(use) / something else
1. had just pp, just as I was about to
Earlier this month, I went to the book store and I had just bought English textbook. And just as I was about to leaving the book store, I saw the book about conversation in Bahasa Indonesia. Well, it might be fun to learn it, so I bought it.
Last night, I had just gotten off work and I was really tired. So just as I was about to go to bed, I noticed some mosquitoes were around the bed. So, I sprayed an aerosol.
2. time - in 기간 / on 요일 / at 시점 / - 한정사
Choi took a OPIc test last month but he got the score he doesn't want. So, he's gonna take the exam in a week. and it'll be held at 10 a.m. on Saturday.
Now that the Logistics system is well constructed in Korea, you can get the product you've given an order within this week. But, it'll be not shipped on weekends.
3. home
A He lives in his place.
B Hmm, which type does he live? house? apartment?
A Apartment. Many Koreans usually live in apartment, not house.
B So we have to be careful when going over to his place. don't we?
A That's true. Or you could make your friends come over to your place.
B But, it takes a lot of time for you all to get back home.
3. diet
A How long have you been on a diet?
B Let me see.. Now that I started going on a diet August 1st and I'm on a diet now, I've been on a diet for about 1 month.
A does it work for you?
B Sure, I've lose weight 3kg!
A (It) Sounds great.
4. for -ing(use)
This SSD is for storing my video works. <- Is it right?
Your personal information will be used for checking your identification, not to use some other purpose.
5. something else / some other [blah blah]
Right after she broke up with me, she met some other person immediately. How harsh she is to betray me like this!
Is there any other place else? As far as I know the taste of the restaurant's food is really terrible/suck.
I'm sorry but there is no refund policy. But, we can provide the chance to pick something else with 50% discount.
Although you fail the exam, there would be some other way to get a job. So, never give up!
Also, there are some other reasons you should hire me. First, ...
I'm sorry but we have to postpone our meeting due to my schedule trouble. Is there some other time you are okay? Oh, It'd be better to exclude Monday morning. My boss usually hold a team meeting in that time.
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earlier / later / happen / by any chance / tense practice
0. ago / in / from now
did you finish your home work 3 days ago?
I'm going to go Lotteworld, one of the famous amusement park, go on rides a lot and hang out with my friends at Intensive #43 a day from now
The interview result will be announced in a week.
1. earlier
I spoke with him on the phone earlier today.
Why don't we eat out? I just knew a fantastic restaurant! / I'm sorry but I had lunch earlier this afternoon.
I've not known how to use 'earlier' fluently but I just learn about it earlier this evening.
I was told someone bought the winning lottery in this store earlier this month. How about go there?
2. later
I hadn't known what the exploding sounds are but my mother said to me today is the memorial day for citizen. So I realize it could be the sound of the fireworks. It'd be more noisy later tonight.
My yougner brother usually tend to eat the most delicious food awhile later when eating.
Could you drop by to me on any bus stations nearby when you want to go home later tonight?
3. happen
Oh, I happen to go home by using the road nearby your home.
you seemed that you happened to have my juice.
What a coincidence! I happen to have some chances. Why don't we go out to coin garaoke? / Hmm. are you flirting me?!
It just so happened that I met her by chance with her hugging to another man.
Actually, I've prepared a back-up battery in case of power shortage, and it just so happens that we face the situation we have to use it.
Do you have a battery recharger by any chance?
Is it a good time to talk to you by any chance? I'd like to talk about postponing the schedule with your boss.
4. tense practice
He used to take pills to stay healthy without working out
But one day, he realized he couldn't stay fit without exercise.
So, he started working out for about 1 hour per every two days.
And since then, He hasn't been getting stressed about his abdomen.
Nowadays he looks forward to learning about tabata workout.
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can't wait / look forward / expect / comfortable / convenient / as far as ..
1) can't wait
I can't wait! 너무 기대돼!
can't wait to R 빨리 R을 하고 싶다
My father can't wait to go their hometown.
Now that it was rainy, those who hadn't had any umbrella couldn't wait to go indoors.
The last episode of the TV drama was really funny, so its fan couldn't wait to watch the new episode as soon as possible.
Since a number of company workers usually think of their work as boring and tiring, they can't wait to leave for home only after they went to work.
2) look forward to something / doing something
I really look forward to your replying and if you have any question, please contact me.
I was really looking forward to the DC universe movie, Batman versus Superman. but it made me frustrated.
As the fox in the novel, the Little Prince, said, I've looked forward to getting off work as time come closer 6 p.m.
Now that it's the first holiday after one of my friends has married, his parents seem to look forward to meeting his wife.
Even though we graduated from university, I'll look forward to your mail. Don't forget me.
3) expect
The total number of participants is expected to about 20 people.
Many Korean people mightn't be able to expect MERS to be endemic again in Korea. So they're panicked about this situation.
The company is expecting the sales performance of Overseas Sales Department to be soared to over 100 million $.
For the foreigner learners, it is difficult to expect the fact that some gestures have different meaning on each countries to lead misunderstandings.
You never expect that your opinions is always right. It's the first step to realize your fault and to make yourself the better person.
4) comfortable & convenient
This bed has been a cozy and comfortable thing to me, but it's broken now.
A handheld fan is really easy and convenient to use. If you press the button just one time, you can feel the fresh air anywhere even though there is no electric outlet.
5) as far as // As I know (X)
From what I heard, he will be promoted to the manager.
I was told you've made fun of me. right?
As far as I know, some friends in the time of university haven't kept in touch with him until graduation.
According to what I know, he's been trying to take a test for lawyer. I'll really keep my fingers crossed for him.
The way I see it, most of biases come from ignorance and negligence.
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take / get on / go on / ride / talk / speak / say / tell
1. take
If you have to be in a hurry, take a taxi. It's better.
Now that my flatmate didn't know where the destination is well, he took a taxi even if it's more expensive than any other transportation.
Be careful your rubber shoes while taking a escalator.
2. get on/off
Hey, get on the subway! There is no time to wait!
As soon as I got off the bus, I had to run to make it in time.
You must check how safe the bus stop is when getting off from the bus in case you are run over.
3. go on
Why don't we go Everland, the famous amusement park in Korea and go on a wooden roller coaster?
In going on the viking, I almost vomited.
How did you feel when going on rides? Is it funny?
4, ride
You can ride a horse only if you go the Jeju island.
She want to have a habit of riding a bike every two days to stay fit and healthy.
cf)
I'm going to ride my car to commute (X) -> I'm going to drive there to commute.
It takes about 15 minutes on foot.
It's good for your health to walk at least 1 hour per day.
5. talk
We talked 2 hours.
He talked about his girlfriend, but he didn't say why he fell in love with her. So, I ask him to say why you love her.
As soon as asking, he said quite funny story to me. At first, he had studied for a test and highlighted he didn't have any purpose to delve into her, but the next thing he knew, he met her again and again like a magic.
6. speak (vt)
Do you speak English? A little bit.
cf) speak (vi) = talk
8. tell
I can't tell 'delve into' and 'look into' even now
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18/09/13 Practice (end up -ing / eventually / relieve / glad / it's a good thing)
1. end up -ing / eventually
Actually, I was going to go out last weekend, but suddenly I had to submit the report, so I ended up postponing the schedule.
Actually, I wanted to sleep earlier last night, but the funny TV show to me was broadcasted, so I didn't go to bed earlier.
Actually, I wanted to spend less money buying snacks, but when i got realized I've already bought lots of snacks, so eventually I spent the money than I thought.
Actually I wanted to study Bahasa Indonesia with English, but there was no time to study Bahasa while working late, so I didn't study it at all.
I wasn't going to say anything, but since you bring it up, I have one question for you.
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2. relieve
That's a relief.
That's so relieving.
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3. glad
I'm glad to help you.
I'm glad it's not rainy.
He would think he's glad that he passed the exam already.
I'm glad to adopt the dog finally.
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4. It's a good thing ...
I can assure that it's a good thing to attend this lecture.
It's a good thing that I have a habit of preparing a umbrella in case it would be rainy.
It's a good thing that I checked the caution in advance.
It's a good thing that she delved into her suspicious boyfriends.
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