번 is a counting unit of action or event. it means time as the meaning of each occasion of a recurring action or event. 한 번 : once, one time 두 번 : twice, two times 지난번 : previous time, previous 이번 : this time 다음번 : next time

Ex)우린 지난 번에는 운에 좋았지만, 다음 번에는 정말 위험할지도 모른다. We were lucky last time, but next time can be really risky. 다음 번에는 누가 발표 해볼까? Which of you will make a next presentation? 번 has a meaning of sequence, turn(number, time..)

지난 번 just means point in the past 다음 번 means point in the next