'How do you get on?', in the present simple, is not a natural question to ask in this context. Was it a native speaker who said this? If it was, are you sure that they didn't say 'How are you getting on?'. If you ask a person who has just started a new job 'How are you getting on?' you are asking them how they are doing in their new role. It means 'Are you doing OK in your new job?' 'Are you finding it difficult?' 'Are you enjoying it?'. A typical conversation might go like this: "I hear you've got a new job. How are you getting on?" "Oh, it's OK. It's a bit different from my old job, and I'm not used to the software. But the other people in the office are really friendly and they help me with any problems I have. '

I think the best way to phrase it would be "¿Cómo te va?"

I think here the meaning is how you find this job :)