All three are okay. The last one may fit better in an article about the movie. In order to sound more conversational, I would replace "released" with "came out". One of my favorite space movies is "Gravity", it came out in 2013. One of my favorite space movies is "Gravity", the one that came out in 2013.

The corrections are all OK. A is the minimal change to make your sentence correct. B is perhaps most natural. However, I can't say I care very much for C, and I mention this because you come across this sort of style a lot in journalism. I think they do it to try and mix up their prose, but the reason I don't like it much is that putting the release date to the front really emphasizes it, and it just seems implausible that a particular date would have anything to do with why you would like the movie. (Now if you wrote "Starring Sandra Bullock", and you happened to be a big fan, " 'Gravity' is one of my favorite space movies", then that would seem more reasonable to me.)

All three are okay, but the first and third are the best. Your sentence was easily understandable but the punctuation was incorrect. Both the first and third corrections are okay because you can typically place a dependent clause anywhere in the sentence. You could also say, " "Gravity," released in 2013, is one of my favorite space movies." or "Released in 2013, one of my favorite space movies is, "Gravity." "

B is the best one C is also correct but it doesn't sound natural