"Although" and "though" are synonyms, meaning "in spite of". We use "although" at the beginning of a sentence: Although he studied a lot, he didn't do well at the exam. Though the party was boring, we had a good time. You can also say: Unfortunately, we lost the match. It was a good game though. (Despite the fact that we lost, the match was good.)

They have the same meaning. However, it is rare to use 'though' on its own at the beginning of a sentence - we normally say 'Even though...'. 'Though' is also useful at the end of a sentence to mean 'however'. You can't use 'although' in this way.