Dear Anna, It's interesting that you are using the Chinese "的" as a guide to English possessives (words like "mine", "his", "their", etc.). The first thing I would suggest is: try to keep Chinese grammar separate from English grammar ^_^... If you want to use (1) "book of mine" or (2) "friend of mine" , here is how you would use them: (1) You are in a situation where someone has a lot of books in her room. You notice one book looks like yours, and you say, "Hey I think that's a book of mine." Even in this situation, it feels a little odd to use this expression, "book of mine". The simplest and most common thing to say is, "That's my book". (2) You are talking with a friend about a person named Mary. Your friend says to you, "Do you know Mary?" You answer, "Yes, she is a friend of mine." It is common to say "friend of mine" in this situation. But again, the more common and simpler thing to say is, "She's my friend." So, you would never say "friend of me" because the word "me" in English has different forms depending on where it is in the sentence. This is different from Chinese, which has just one word, “我”. Here are examples: I threw the ball to him. -> 我 把球扔给 他。 He threw the ball to me. -> 他 把球扔给 我。 I gave him my ball. -> 我 给他 我的 球。 He gave me his ball.-> 他 给我 他的 球 I said, "This ball is mine." -> 我 说“这个球是 我的。” Notice that "I" becomes "me" at the end of the sentence (in the object position), and becomes "my" when I possess something (这是我的球), and "my" becomes "mine" in the object position. 英文文法太麻烦啦！你就要耐心地加油一点，我相信你会克服！

This book is mine. 'This one is the book of mine' is not correct. Mine is used to show things belonging to me

Why not just say "this is my book"? Or "This is one of my books." Anyway, mine sounds correct.

Describing a book and the type of book are similar issues. Who the book belongs to is part of the description - not they type of book. The type of book can be said like: This is a book of poetry. The book is full of songs. The book is a collection of stories. If you are going to describe it, do not use of. Again, ownership is describing it. The book is interesting. The book is heavy. The book is red. The book is mine. It is a good book. It is a thick book. It is a blue book. It is my book. The book has crisp pages. The pages of the book are yellowing. I own this book. In the following example, it is not the book being described, it is "I" that is being labeled. It is what type of "I" am I. I am the owner of this book.