Pronoun-verb agreement
In Hindi schools they teach you should say "Aap kaise hain?" but in spoken language I often hear (at least in NW India): "Aap kaise ho?" What's the problem here? Which one should I use? Does it depend on the age of an addressee?

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aap kaise hain? is absolutely correct. formal talks always use this. this is honorific. when you are asking this to many people this is correct as well. tum kaise ho is used with friends acquaintences. aap kaise ho . is not correct grammatically.

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yes u are right, 'aap' uses 'hain' and 'tum' uses 'ho', but in general conversation one generally asks kaise ho?

what i feel is, aap kaise hain sounds strictly formal giving highest respect but aap kaise ho is a bit more informal but still being very respectful  towards the one to whom u r asking

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