The examples that you mentioned are called "conditional" more, if you complete them with an "if-clause".Look:

I would go to the store, if... . (=If ..., I would go to the store.)

The same story goes for the other two.

Conditional tenses in Farsi (=Persian) language is catagorized into 3 types according to Ocean. That catagorization seems to be true, but I'm currently not sure if there are any other conditionals except than the ones stated by Ocean.

If=اگر >> This was obviously apparent, wasn't it?! :D

The surprising fact about the conditional tenses in Farsi is that they are so similar to the ones in English!! Substitute the following tenses for making Farsi conditionals:

would + infinitive = Farsi past continuous

If I had enough money, I would go to the store.

اگر پول کافی داشتم، به مغازه می رفتم.

The verb "could" is simply translated as "می توانست" in Farsi, which is used for the 3rd person. You have to change it's ending according to the person you're talking about. The Farsi infinitive for that is "توانستن (=to can)" and if you use it in a past continuous form, you would have: "می توانستم، می توانستی، ...ا".

could+infinitive = می توانستم، می توانستی، ...+مضارع التزامی

The "مضارع التزامی" is the name of a tense that you must study independently. The furmula for a verb of that kind is: ب + بُن مضارع + شناسه   i.e.  بروم، بگویم، بدوم .

If I had enough time, I could go to the museum.

اگر وقت کافی داشتم، می توانستم به موزه بروم.

Farsi have verb endings!

Note that in English sentences particularly in conditional tenses, you have to necessarily mention the subject in your clauses in order to tell who you're talking about. It's because English verbs are the same for all persons, wether they're present or absent, single or plural. The same bringing-subject-rule goes for the Farsi conditionals but with a little difference. Guess what? We mention the subject in the verb endings!! The fact is that if you bring the subject into the conditional sentences independently as in English, you have unawaringly shouted that you're  a beginner in Farsi!! BUT there's an exception! If you wanna emphasize on the subject, you can simply bring it ONCE in your whole sentence (not twice!), right after "اگر" in the begining of it. I think in English, they do this emphasis only by put more tonal stress on the subject when they talk.

Look:

Ordinary form (without emphasis): اگر پول کافی داشتم، می توانستم به مغازه بروم

the same sentence with an emphasis on the sub: اگر من پول کافی داشتم، می توانستم به مغازه بروم

If you wanna emphasize on the other elements of such sentences, you have to do it by adding more stress while saying them. In writings you would do it by means of punctuation marks like paranthesis etc.

شرطی نوع اول

1.اگر آب را بجوشانید تمام میکروب های آن کشته می شوند  If you boil the water its bacteria will be killed completely

2. اگر نمک را در آب حل کنید آب شور خواهد شد If you solve the salt into water it will be salty.

3.اگر باران نبارد هیچ گیاهی سبز نخواهد شد If it doesn't rain no plant will grow.

شرطی نوع دوم

1. اگر مریض نبودم به مهمانی می رفتم If I weren't sick I would go to  the party.

 2.اگر پول داشتم یک ماشین نو می خریدم If I had enough money I would buy a new car.

3. اگر پدرم اینجا بود می توانست به ما کمک کند If my father were here He could help us.

شرطی نوع سوم

1.اگر علی ظرف را نشکسته بود می توانستیم از آن استفاده کنیم If Ali hadn't broken the dish we could have used it.

2.اگر سارا به او حقیقت را گفته بود او ممکن بود بازگردد If Sara had told him the truth He might have come back

3. اگر کودک را به موقع به بیمارستان برده بودند ممکن بود زنده بماند If the child had been taken to the hospital immediately he might have survived 

Austen I just  know these conditional sentences in English. I myself have some problems with conditional sentences .for example I don't know what tenses I should use here:اگر به ما غذای کافی نرسد ما زنده نخواهیم ماند  If we don't/didn't(which one?) get enough food we won't/wouldn't survive( suppose some miners have been buried under the ground    

اگر پدر ساعت 8 به خانه برسد ما به پارک می رویم If father gets/got home by eight o'clock we will/ would go to the park.    

I can't believe I made such a mistake.Correction:

Farsi has verb endings.

I think I got mixed up by such a giving such a long comment!!